This book discusses in detail the phenomena of Pre-equilibrium emission in statistical nuclear reactions. It serves as an experimental manual for beginners in the field of accelerator-based research, and as a source of complete information on the topic. This book compiles most of the experimental data on pre-equilibrium emission available at low and moderate energies, putting it into an accessible format for the first time. It is intended to help early-career nuclear physicists and doctoral students to understand the phenomenon of pre-equilibrium emission in nuclear reactions. It is ideal for postgraduate students studying accelerator-based experimental physics and dedicated researchers working in the field of nuclear reaction studies.
Innehållsförteckning
Chapter 1: History of Nuclear Reactions and Motivation 1.1 Background 1.2 Nuclear atom 1.3 The first transmutation reaction 1.4 Discovery of neutron 1.5 Artificial radioactivity 1.6 Strong nuclear force 1.7 New isotopes 1.8 Discovery of Fission 1.9 Self sustained fission chain reaction 1.10 Fusion reaction 1.11 Accelerators 1.12 Radiation detectors 1.13 Study of reaction mechanism 1.14 Experimental verification of independence of formation and decay of compound nucleus 1.15 Particle spectra 1.16 Experimentally measured energy spectrum of ejectiles 1.17 Motivation Chapter 2: Characteristics of Binary Nuclear Reactions 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Classification of Nuclear Reactions 2.3 Conservation laws in Nuclear Reactions 2.4 Quantities not conserved in Nuclear Reactions 2.5 Nuclear reactions versus chemical reactions 2.6 Energetic of Nuclear Reactions 2.7 Centre of mass frame of reference 2.8 Cross-section
Chapter 3: Theoretical Formulations of Compound and Pre-compound emission 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Compound Nucleus Reaction Mechanism 3.3 Verification of Bohr’s Independent Hypothesis 3.4 Theoretical formulation 3.5 Hauser Feshbach Formulations 3.6 Weisskopf-Ewing formalism 3.7 Nuclear Level Density 3.8 Pre-equilibrium Emission
Chapter 4: Models For Pre- Equilibrium Emission 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Intra-nuclear cascade model (INC) 4.3 The exciton model 4.4 Harp-Miller-Berne (HMB) model 4.5 Hybrid model 4.6 Totally Quantum mechanical model for Pre equilibrium process 4.7 Computer Codes
Chapter 5: Measurements for pre-equilibrium component 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Neutron Induced Reactions 5.3 Proton Induced Reactions 5.4 Alpha-induced Reactions 5.5 Heavy ion induced reactions
Chapter 6: Data analysis Parameterisation of pre-equilibrium fraction 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Pre-equilibrium fraction 6.3 Energy dependence in proton induced reactions 6.4 Dependence of relative magnitudes of ƒ???? and ƒ???????? on energy 6.5 Systematics of pre-equilibrium fraction in odd Z and odd A nuclei 6.6 Systematic for heavy ion induced reactions 6.7 Pre-equilibrium component from Recoil Range Distribution (RRD) 6.8 Pre-equilibrium component from spin distribution measurement 6.9 Pre-equilibrium emission and synthesis of SHE 6.10 Future perspective
Om författaren
Prof. B. P. Singh is a Professor and Chairperson of the Physics Department, Aligarh Muslim University, INDIA. He has more than three decades of experience in teaching nuclear physics courses and has more than hundred research publications in international Journals. Prof. Singh is also one of the authors of the book “Fundamentals and Applications of Heavy Ion Collisions: Below 10 Me V/ Nucleon Energies”, published by Cambridge University Press.Dr Manoj K. Sharma is a Professor at the Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, INDIA. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in “Experimental Nuclear Physics” from the Aligarh Muslim University, India. He has published more than eighty research articles in the international journals of reputes and presented more than hundred papers in international/national conferences within India and abroad.
Prof. R. Prasad is an emeritus professor of Physics, Ex-Dean, Faculty of Science and Ex-Chairman, department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), India. Prof. Prasad has authored several books including ‘Classical and Quantum Thermal Physic, and ‘Fundamentals and Applications of Heavy Ion Collisions Below 10 Me V/Nucleon Energy’ published by Cambridge University Press and ‘Nuclear Physics’ published by Pearson Education.
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