Scott F. Aikin & Robert B. Talisse 
Political Argument in a Polarized Age [EPUB ebook] 
Reason and Democratic Life

Stöd

From obnoxious public figures to online trolling and accusations of “fake news”, almost no one seems able to disagree without hostility. But polite discord sounds farfetched when issues are so personal and fundamental that those on opposing sides appear to have no common ground. How do you debate the “enemy”?
Philosophers Scott Aikin and Robert Talisse show that disagreeing civilly, even with your sworn enemies, is a crucial part of democracy. Rejecting the popular view that civility requires a polite and concessive attitude, they argue that our biggest challenge is not remaining calm in the face of an opponent, but rather ensuring that our political arguments actually address those on the opposing side. Too often politicians and pundits merely simulate political debate, offering carefully structured caricatures of their opponents. These simulations mimic political argument in a way designed to convince citizens that those with whom they disagree are not worth talking to.
Good democracy thrives off conflict, but until we learn the difference between real and simulated arguments we will be doomed to speak at cross-purposes. Aikin and Talisse provide a crash course in political rhetoric for the concerned citizen, showing readers why understanding the structure of arguments is just as vital for a healthy democracy as debate over facts and values. But there’s a sting in the tail – no sooner have we learned rhetorical techniques for better disagreement than these techniques themselves become weapons with which to ignore our enemies, as accusations like “false equivalence” and “ad hominem” are used to silence criticism. Civility requires us to be eternally vigilant to the ways we disagree.

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Innehållsförteckning

Acknowledgments

1 Democracy in Dark Days

Civility and the Owl of Minerva Problem

2 Civility and Its Discontents

Democracy as a Society of Equals

Political Disagreement among Equals

Civility in Political Disagreement

The Demands of Civility

3 Evaluating Argument

Argumentation and Its Values

Abuses of Argumentation

4 Our Polarization Problem

Two Kinds of Polarization

How Does Belief Polarization Work?

The Polarization Dynamic

Polarization Undermines Democracy

Note

5 Political Ignorance

Ways of Being Ignorant

Tribal Citizens

6 Simulated Argument

Argument as Rhetoric

Argument as Group Affirmation

Memeology

7 Fake News

What is Fake News?

An Institutional View

The Demand for Fake News

The War for Your Mind

8 Deep Disagreements

Deep Disagreements and the Good, Bad, News

Charity and Disagreement

Calling Disagreements “Deep”

Depths of Disagreement

Note

9 Civility as a Reciprocal Virtue

Reciprocal Public Virtues

The Debasement Puzzle

The Path to Debasement

The Need for an Argumentative Culture

10 Repairing Argumentative Culture

Some Rudiments of Deductive Logic

The Turn to Informal Logic

Pathologizing the Opposition

Hearing the Other Side

11 Democracy at Dusk

Scaling Up the Problem

The Fallacy Fallacy

More on Fake News

Trolls, Sock-puppets, and Bots

The Owl in Full View

Index

Om författaren

Scott F. Aikin is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Vanderbilt University.

Robert B. Talisse is W. Alton Jones Professor of Philosophy at Vanderbilt University.

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Språk Engelska ● Formatera EPUB ● ISBN 9781509536542 ● Filstorlek 0.3 MB ● Utgivare John Wiley & Sons ● Land GB ● Publicerad 2020 ● Utgåva 1 ● Nedladdningsbara 24 månader ● Valuta EUR ● ID 7438044 ● Kopieringsskydd Adobe DRM
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