This work offers a challenging approach to enhancing children’s learning through a process of reflective analysis called "innovative thinking". Using practical examples drawn from a variety of learning contexts, the author: provides a framework for reviewing and reflecting on classroom experience, focusing particularly on those aspects of teaching and learning that are surprising, puzzling or worrying; outlines a series of steps that should help teachers generate new ideas and practical strategies to guide the development of their work; offers an approach which emphasizes strategies that can be incorporated into teachers’ work with the whole class, and to the potential benefit of all children; and illustrates how "innovative thinking" can assist teachers in enhancing the learning and inclusion of individual children whose classroom responses give cause for concern.