This book is an effort to understand the challenges faced by Africa in the water and energy sector. This study made an attempt to understand what it really means by naturalization of the nation and nationalization of nature for Africa. It did so by looking at repetition of trans boundary water conflicts within a state and its impact on energy security and economic development . T h e s e circumstances, the book infers might have been responsible for massive deforestation, internal migration, soil erosion and disruption of growth in the continent. The book recommends to understand this trend of use of renewable’s in the region, which might be an indicator to address the energy security within the continent. It proposes creation of enabling environment for t h e national governments to develop budgets that would invest in prioritize energy access through decentralized energy services systems. The book suggests creation of PRSPs using oil revenue fund to revitalize the economy.