Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting over half of systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) patients, both adult and pediatric. The accelerating advances in molecular and cellular immunology have paved the way for development biologic agents that target specific pathways that contribute to the inflammatory response, but there is no strong evidence of their safety and efficacy. Moreover, the increased risk of renal allograft thrombosis and recurrence of lupus nephritis constitute a substantial risk that should be thoroughly explored. This book explores the major advances that necessitate the evolution of basic and clinical research in order to investigate the management of this syndrome.