The major innovations which have occurred between the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century represent a fresh challenge to the responsibility of innovators. Innovators have disrupted, and continue to disrupt the world through the growth of technology, DNA sequencing, genetic engineering, the management of large databases, different forms of intrusion into our private lives, etc. It is up to them take full responsibility for their actions, and question what they are accomplishing, why they are accomplishing it, to what end and with what means. Such questionings are those found in a practice conducted by Ancient philosophers: spiritual exercises. These were internal or external discourses, enabling individuals to act, think, to know how to behave and how to master oneself. It is surely toward these practices innovators of today should turn in order to innovate with wisdom.
Innehållsförteckning
Foreword vii
Acknowledgements xiii
Introduction xv
Chapter 1. The Need to (Re)think Innovation 1
1.1. The innovation context: how far to innovate? 1
1.2. The innovation discipline 3
1.2.1. From reality to usurpation: the three stages of innovation 3
1.2.2. The three evolutionary stages of innovation 6
1.3. Attempting to expose innovation, the importance of philosophy 16
1.3.1. An objectification of innovation 16
1.3.2. Reducing innovation 18
1.3.3. The future of innovation through its reversal 18
1.4. Philosophy as therapy 22
1.4.1. Modesty in the use of philosophy 22
1.4.2. Healing through philosophy 24
1.4.3. Innovator and philosopher, two sides of the same coin for a new way of being 25
1.5. Towards a thoughtful innovator 27
Chapter 2. The Non-standard Philosophy for Thinking Innovation 29
2.1. Questioning philosophy 29
2.2. What is non-standard philosophy? 30
2.2.1. Non-philosophy 31
2.3. Using non-standard philosophy as a tool to (re)think innovation 34
2.3.1. Innovation in-Real 35
2.3.2. The principle of sufficient innovation 40
2.3.3. Innovation and ego 43
2.4. (Re)thinking innovation, a non-standard innovation? 44
2.4.1. The foundations of non-standard innovation 46
2.4.2. Non-standard innovation practice 50
2.5. ’Invent philosophy!’, let’s invent innovation 55
Chapter 3. A Phenomenology of Innovation 59
3.1. Passing through phenomenology 59
3.2. What is phenomenology? 60
3.2.1. Phenomenology and innovation? 62
3.3. Husserlian phenomenology to think innovation? 63
3.3.1. Return to the things themselves 64
3.3.2. Transcendental intentionality 68
3.3.3. The reduction method and the transcendental epoché 71
3.3.4. The emergence of essence 79
3.3.5. Retention 82
3.3.6. The ego as the foundation of the world 84
3.3.7. The phenomenological approach to testing senses 88
3.4. Phenomenology as praxis 90
3.4.1. The practice of phenomenology 92
3.4.2. Towards a practical phenomenology for the innovator 96
3.5. Being aware of innovations 99
Chapter 4. Spiritual Exercises to (Re)think the Innovator 101
4.1. The need for spiritual exercises 101
4.1.1. Spiritual exercises, from ancient philosophy 102
4.1.2. The importance of self-care 108
4.1.3. Knowing how to prepare 113
4.1.4. The conversion obligation 117
4.2. Urgency of the spiritual exercises 123
4.2.1. Spiritual exercises for the contemporary world 123
4.2.2. The need for a master 132
4.3. The spiritual innovator of the 21st Century 137
Conclusion 139
References 155
Index of Names 165
Index of Notions 167
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Xavier Pavie, ESSEC, Paris.
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