For most of history, being female defined the limits of a woman’s achievements. But now, women are successful careerists equal to men. In Norway, women legally must constitute a third of all boards; in America, women have gone from 3% of practising lawyers in 1970 to 40% today, and over half of all law students.
These changes are revolutionary – but not universal: the ‘sisterhood’ of working women is deeply divided. Making enormous strides in the workplace are young, educated, full-time professionals who have put children on hold. But for a second group of women this is unattainable: instead, they work part-time, earn less, are concentrated in heavily feminised occupations like cleaning and gain income and self-worth from having children young.
As these two groups move ever further apart, shared gender no longer automatically creates interests in common with other women. The XX Factor lifts the curtain on these social, cultural and economic schisms.
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Alison Wolf is the Sir Roy Griffiths Professor of Public Sector Management at King’s College London and sits in the House of Lords as a crossbench peer (Baroness Wolf of Dulwich). She writes widely for the national press and for a number of think-tanks; directs a Masters degree in public policy and management; and is chair of governors for King’s College London Mathematics School, a specialist state school which opened in 2014.
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