Christine Langhoff 
Cardiovascular Disease [PDF ebook] 

Essay from the year 2003 in the subject Medicine – Internal Medicine, grade: 1.1 (A+), Oxford University (New College), language: English, abstract: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and therefore
many scientists are interested in finding both ways to prevent and to treat it. It
is a multifactorial disease and thus is being influenced by a variety of
environmental and genetic factors and therefore it is difficult to establish the
most important risk factors involved in the development of the disease. The
term risk factor describes those characteristics found, in healthy individuals, to
be independently related to the subsequent occurrence of cardiovascular
disease and, where modifiable, to be reversible. This term includes modifiable
lifestyle and biochemical and physiologic characteristics as well as nonmodifiable
personal characteristics such as age, sex, genetic makeup, early
life influences and family history of premature cardiovascular disease. When a
person develops cardiovascular disease, the modifiable risk factors continue to
contribute to the progression of the disease and prognosis. Risk factors
include smoking, hypertension, changes to lipid levels (e.g. raised total
cholesterol), raised blood glucose, obesity, family history of premature
cardiovascular disease, female hormonal status, dyslipidemia, diabetes, etc.
Except for female hormonal status, no risk factor has been recognised as
acting on one gender but not on the other. […]