Fischer offers a captivating analysis of Europe’s turbulent
history during the first half of the twentieth century, from the
optimism at the turn of the century to the successive waves of
destruction of the First and Second World Wars.
* Written by a leading authority in this field, the book draws
upon his areas of expertise
* Reflects the most recent scholarship in this period of
history
* While laying stress on Europe’s major powers and the
seminal events of the earlier twentieth century, Fischer pays
due attention to the smaller European countries from the Atlantic
to the Black Sea and the Baltic to the Mediterranean
* Extends beyond the political, sociological, and economic
paradigms to include extensive references to the European cultural
scene
* Organized both as a broad chronology and thematically, in order
to allow for historical insights and entry into the key debates and
literature
สารบัญ
List of Maps ix
List of Figures x
Foreword xi
1 The European Paradox 1
2 The Coming of War 7
2.1 A Balkans War 7
2.2 Why the War Need Not Have Spread 13
2.3 Why the War Spread 25
3 Fighting the War 40
3.1 The Opening Gambits: 1914 40
3.2 The Elusive Victory: 1915 47
3.3 The High Noon of Attrition: 1916 52
3.4 The Tipping Point: 1917 59
3.5 Defeat and Victory: 1918 66
4 Ending the War: Revolutions and Peacemaking 69
4.1 The Home Front in Wartime 69
4.2 Revolution in Russia 75
4.3 Revolution in Germany 90
4.4 The Legacy of War and the Treaty of Versailles 100
4.5 Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean 116
4.6 Western Upheavals 130
4.7 The Fascist Revolution in Italy 135
5 Revision and Recovery, 1919-1929 143
5.1 From Versailles to the Dawes Plan 143
5.2 From Locarno to the Young Plan 171
5.3 Economy and Society: A Faltering Recovery 180
5.4 A Contested Modernity 187
6 The High Noon of the Dictators 199
6.1 Economic Armageddon: The Great Depression in Europe 199
6.2 The Rise of the Nazis, 1919-1933 208
6.3 Hitler in Power, 1933-1939 221
6.4 Dictatorship beyond Germany 234
6.4.1 Challenges in the surviving democracies 235
6.4.2 Nationalists, Fascists, and Bolsheviks 248
7 The Return to War 271
7.1 From Global Disarmament to War: 1932-1939 271
7.2 The Reasons for War 278
7.3 From Poland to the Fall of France: September 1939-June 1940 286
7.4 From Vichy to Pearl Harbor: June 1940-December 1941 299
8 Europe Eclipsed 309
8.1 Competing Caesuras: 1940-1 or 1945? 309
8.2 Hitler’s War – from Triumph to Oblivion, 1941-1945 311
8.3 Holocaust 322
9 Europe: An Honorable Legacy? 327
Notes 331
Bibliography 358
Index 372
เกี่ยวกับผู้แต่ง
Conan Fischer is Professorial Fellow in the School of History, University of St Andrews, Scotland. He is the author of Stormtroopers: a Social, Economic and Ideological Analysis 1929-35 (1983), The German Communists and the Rise of Nazism (1991), The Rise of the Nazis (1995 & 2002) and The Ruhr Crisis 1923-1924 (2003) He is editor of The Rise of National Socialism and the Working Classes in Weimar Germany (1996) and co-editor of After the Versailles Treaty: Enforcement, Compliance, Contested Identities (with Alan Sharp, 2008). He is currently researching the history of Franco-German relations during the Great Depression (1929-32).
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