The author’s working concept of geo-ecological monitoring is presented. For the first time, the full triad of monitoring in its classical definition is considered: ‘observation (state assessment) – control (prediction) – management (adaptation, feedback, regulation)’. The strategic goal of described monitoring research is to reveal the environmental otential of sustainablility of forest ecosystems in the context of modern global warming. The monograph expounds the main statements of author’s topo-ecological predictive concept: “Global Changes on the Local Level”, as a basis of ground bio-ecological and geosystem monitoring of natural ecosystems under global anthropogenic climatic changes. This concept makes it possible to carry out local empirical simulation of the regional bioclimatic trend and thereby reveal the mechanisms of transmission of global and regional climate signals to the local level.
On the example of the Volga River basin, predictive empirical-statistical models of the carbon balance of forest ecosytems are presented under conditions of a changing climate. The carbon content in various pools of boreal and nemoral forests were calculated. The global climate models give prognostic estimates of the components of them carbon balance. A quantitative assessment of the ecological resources of forest formations that provide the environment sustainability through mechanisms of regulation of the carbon cycle is given. The adaptation of forest ecosystems to climate change is described through the calculated parameters of their functional sustainability.
สารบัญ
Part 1: Working Positions of the Concept About Geosystem Monitoring for Forest Cover.- Chapter 1: Advancing the Theory and Methods of Geo-Ecological Monitoring.- Chapter 2: Landscape and Ecological Strategy for Ground Geosystem Monitoring of Forests.- Part 2: The First Stage of Monitoring – Observation (Status Assessment).- Chapter 3: Methods of Local and Regional Landscape-Ecological Modeling.- Chapter 4: Regional Bioclimatic System as a Basis for Geosystem Monitoring.- Chapter 5: Plymorphism of Landscape Zonal Systems.- Chapter 6: Regional and Local Geosystems as the Initial Object of Ground Geo-Ecological Monitoring.- Chapter 7: Forest Ecosystem Formation Mechanisms as a Scientific and Methodological Basis for Ground Monitoring.- Chapter 8: The Polyzonality of Local Geo (Eco) Systems as a Way of Their Re-Sponse to Global Climate Change.- Chapter 9: Functional Ordination of Forest Ecosystems According to Arid Climate Trend.- Chapter 10: Landscape-Geophisucal Foundations for Geosystem Monitoring of The Environment.- Part 3: Second Stage of Monitoring – Control (Prognosis).- Chapter 11: Zonal-Regional Ecological Prognoses.- Chapter 12: Functional Isomorphism of Ecosystems and Its Significance For Ecological Prognoses.- Chapter 13: Local Landscape-Ecological Prognoses.- Part 4: Third Stage of Monitoring – Management (Adaptation, Feedback, Regulation).- Chapter 14: Mechanisms of Stability of Forest Ecosystems.- Chapter 15: Methods of Landscape Ecology in Prognostic Estimation of the Biotic Regulation of the Carbon Cycle.- Chapter 16: Carbon Balance of Forest Ecosystems for Different Climatic Trends.- Chapter 17: Ecological Resources of Boreal and Nemoral Forests In Regulation of the Carbon Cycle and Mitigation of Present Global Warming.- Chapter 18: Biosphere Reserve as an Object of Regional and Global Geosystem Monitoring.
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Kolomyts Erland Georgievich, Russian, born January 27, 1936, in the Bashkir Au-tonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, in the family of agricultural workers. In 1960, he graduated from Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, in the specialty of ‘phys-ical geography’. In the following 20 years, he studied geography and the physics of snow cover in Siberia and in the Far East at different institutions of the Russian Academy of Sci-ences. In May, 1964, he defended Cand. Sci. Dissertation at the Institute of Geography.
In December, 1972, E.G. Kolomyts defended the D. Sci. Dissertation at the Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University. His scientific activity in that period was aimed at developing the studies of landscape indication snow structure and avalanche studies on the basis of crystallography. Many-year stationary and expeditionary winter studies in Siberia, the Far East, the Far North and Great Caucasus resulted in the development of the theory and methods of analysis of the crystal structure and evolution of snow cover, which was a basis for avalanche forecasts.
Since early 1980s, E.G. Kolomyts worked at the High Mountain Geophysical Insti-tute of Russian Federal Service of Hydrometeorology and Environment Monitoring (Nal-chik, Kabardino-Balkaria) as a Head of the Laboratory of High Mountain Geoecology.
Since 1990, he hase worked at the Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Togliatti). As Head of the Laboratory of Landscape Ecolo-gy, he is closely engaged in the problems of landscape ecology, environmental modeling and prediction being the subjects of his scientific interest at present. After 2018, E.G. Ko-lomyts moved (by age) to the position of chief researcher of this institute, Since 2021 he is concurrently a leading researcher at the Institute for Fundamental Problems of Biology at the Pushchino Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
During this period, E.G. Kolomyts hase developed: (a) the scientific and methodical principles of research of bio-geographical and landscape ecotones as the primary objects for studying human impact on the environment; (b) the theoretical and methodical bases for studying the organization of natural complexes based on the data of large-scale land-scape-ecological surveys using the methods of mathematical modeling and large arrays of empirical information; (c) the strategy and methods of quantitative analysis of organiza-tion, stability and anthropogenic dynamics of forest ecosystems; and (d) the theoretical ba-ses and methods of regional and local landscape-ecological prediction. In addition, the pre-dictive landscape-ecological scenarios have been created for the forest zone of the Volga River basin and the northern macro-slope of Great Caucasus, with construction of the re-spective forecast maps.
His research into the theory of geographical zonality based on the regional empirical modeling and system analysis resulted in creating a concept of polymorphism (polystruc-ture) of landscape-zonal systems. The concept opens the way to transition from a single model of natural-territorial organization to numerous models giving a more diversified pat-tern of differentiation and integration processes in the biosphere.
The results of his research have been most comprehensively presented in the follow-ing monographs:
(1) Snow Cover of the Mountain-taiga Landscapes of the North of Transbaikalia. Lenin-grag: Nauka, 1966. 183 p. (in Russian).
(2) Structure of Snow and Landscape Indication. Moscow: Nauka, 1976. 206 p. (in Rus-sian);
(3) Methody of Crystallomorphological analysis of snow structure. Moscow: Nauka. 1977. 199 p. (in Russian)
(4) Crystallomorphilogical Atlas of Snow. A Handbook for Snow Avalanche Stations. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1984. 214 p. (in Russian). Translate from the Russian to Eng-lish by C.E. Bartelt (1997).
(5) Landscape studies in transition zones. Moscow: Nauka, 1987. 120 p. (in Russian).
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