Hacking Europe traces the user practices of chopping games in Warsaw, hacking software in Athens, creating chaos in Hamburg, producing demos in Turku, and partying with computing in Zagreb and Amsterdam. Focusing on several European countries at the end of the Cold War, the book shows the digital development was not an exclusively American affair. Local hacker communities appropriated the computer and forged new cultures around it like the hackers in Yugoslavia, Poland and Finland, who showed off their tricks and creating distinct “demoscenes.” Together the essays reflect a diverse palette of cultural practices by which European users domesticated computer technologies. Each chapter explores the mediating actors instrumental in introducing and spreading the cultures of computing around Europe. More generally, the “ludological” element–the role of mischief, humor, and play–discussed here as crucial for analysis of hacker culture, opens new vistas for the study of the historyof technology.
สารบัญ
Introduction: How European Players Captured the Computer and Created the Scenes.- Part I: Appropriating America: Making One’s Own.- Transnational (Dis)connection in Localizing Personal Computing in the Netherlands, 1975-1990.- “Inside a Day You’ll be Talking to it Like an Old Friend”: The Making and Remaking of Sinclair Personal Computing in 1980s Britain.- Legal Pirates Ltd: Home Computing Cultures in Early 1980s Greece.- Part II: Illegitimate Sons in Between: Scences.- Galaxy and the New Wave: Yugoslav Computer Culture in the 1980s.- Playing and Copying: Social Practices of Home Computer Users in Poland During the 1980s.- Multiple Users, Diverse Users: Demoscene and the Appropriation of the Personal Computer by Demoscene Hackers.- Part III: Going Public: How to Change the World.- Heroes Yet Criminals of the German Computer Revolution.- How Amsterdam Invented the Internet: European Networks of Significance 1980-1995.- Users in the Dark: The Development ofa User-Controlled Technology in the Czech Wireless Network Community.
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