Whilst the greatest effort has been made to ensure the quality of this text, due to the historical nature of this content, in some rare cases there may be minor issues with legibility. The following pages are intended to be helpful to the trained artisan and foreman, whose business it is to pro duce steel objects and tools for various purposes. Also to the merchant, manufacturer’s representative, and other official, who frequently meet complaints which they would like to fathom, and are often called upon to assume a knowledge of the properties of steel somewhat out of proportion to the opportunities afforded by the daily routine of their business.