Perhaps the contributions of South American archaeology to the larger field of world archaeology have been inadequately recognized. If so, this is probably because there have been relatively few archaeologists working in South America outside of Peru and recent advances in knowledge in other parts of the continent are only beginning to enter larger archaeological discourse. Many ideas of and about South American archaeology held by scholars from outside the area are going to change irrevocably with the appearance of the present volume. Not only does the Handbook of South American Archaeology (HSAA) provide immense and broad information about ancient South America, the volume also showcases the contributions made by South Americans to social theory. Moreover, one of the merits of this volume is that about half the authors (30) are South Americans, and the bibliographies in their chapters will be especially useful guides to Spanish and Portuguese literature as well as to the latest research. It is inevitable that the HSAA will be compared with the multi-volume Handbook of South American Indians (HSAI), with its detailed descriptions of indigenous peoples of South America, that was organized and edited by Julian Steward. Although there are heroic archaeological essays in the HSAI, by the likes of Junius Bird, Gordon Willey, John Rowe, and John Murra, Steward states frankly in his introduction to Volume Two that “arch- ology is included by way of background” to the ethnographic chapters.
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Continental Introduction.- Early Occupations Of South America.- Profiles in Pleistocene History.- Chinchorro Culture: Pioneers of the Coast of the Atacama Desert.- Early Occupations in the Southern Cone.- The Process of Sedentism in Northwestern South America.- Environment And Subsistence.- Central Andean Environments.- Plant Domestication and the Shift to Agriculture in the Andes.- Animal Domestication in South America.- High Elevation Foraging Societies.- Early Fishing Societies in Western South America.- Amazonia: The Historical Ecology of a Domesticated Landscape.- The Archaeology of Agriculture in Ancient Amazonia.- Agricultural Earthworks on the French Guiana Coast.- The Pampas and Campos of South America.- Lowland Moundbuilders.- Pre-Columbian Mound Complexes in the Upano River Valley, Lowland Ecuador.- The Archaeology of the Guianas: An Overview.- Barrancoid and Arauquinoid Mound Builders in Coastal Suriname.- Sambaqui (Shell Mound) Societies of Coastal Brazil.- Continental Variations In Non-State Complexity.- The Nonagricultural Chiefdoms of Marajó Island.- Ecology, Ceramic Chronology and Distribution, Long-term History, and Political Change in the Amazonian Floodplain.- Chiefdoms of Southwestern Colombia.- Late Pre-Hispanic Chiefdoms of Northern Colombia and the Formation of Anthropogenic Landscapes.- The Prehistory of Venezuela – Not Necessarily an Intermediate Area.- The Ecuadorian Formative.- Early Regional Polities of Coastal Ecuador.- Late Pre-Hispanic Polities of Coastal Ecuador.- Late Pre-Hispanic Chiefdoms of Highland Ecuador.- The Formative Period in the Titicaca Basin.- Paracas and Nasca: Regional Cultures on the South Coast of Peru.- Social Landscapes in Pre-Inca Northwestern Argentina.- Demographic And Cultural Expansions.- Early Cultural Complexity on the Coast of Peru.- Andean Urbanism.- The Tupi Expansion.- Life on the Move: Bioarchaeological Contributions to the Study of Migration and Diaspora Communities in the Andes.- Chavín de Huántar and Its Sphere of Influence.- States And Empires Of The Central Andes.- The Mochicas.- Wari and Tiwanaku: International Identities in the Central Andean Middle Horizon.- Between Horizons: Diverse Configurations of Society and Power in the Late Pre-Hispanic Central Andes.- The Chimú Empire.- The Inca Empire.- The Inca Khipu: Knotted-Cord Record Keeping in the Andes.- Experiencing Inca Domination in Northwestern Argentina and the Southern Andes.- Interactions.- Inter-zonal Relationships in Ecuador.- Cultural Boundaries and Crossings: Ecuador and Peru.- Chachapoyas: Cultural Development at an Andean Cloud Forest Crossroads.- The Llanos de Mojos.- Amazonian Mosaics: Identity, Interaction, and Integration in the Tropical Forest.- The Archaeology of Northern Chile.- Interaction and Social Fields in San Pedro de Atacama, Northern Chile.- Death Practices And Beliefs.- Prehistoric Funeral Practices in the Brazilian Amazon: The Maracá Urns.- Ancestor Images in the Andes.- Trophy Head-Taking and Human Sacrifice in Andean South America.- Ethics And Practice In South American Archaeology.- Archaeology, Globalization and the Nation: Appropriating the Past in Ecuador.- Cultural Heritage Management in Peru: Current and Future Challenges.- The Bennett Monolith: Archaeological Patrimony and Cultural Restitution in Bolivia.- Modernity and Politics in Colombian Archaeology.- From the Erasure to the Rewriting of Indigenous Pasts: The Troubled Life of Archaeology in Uruguay.- Public Archaeology and Management of the Brazilian Archaeological-Cultural Heritage.- Conclusion.- Conclusion.
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