From warrior king to legendary legend, Richard I lived by the sword – and his bravery in battle forever enshrined his place in history. As the Lionheart, he fought valorously alongside King Phillip II to lead the Third Crusade in a desperate attempt to claim the Holy Land from the grip of Muslim leader Saladin.

Though the Crusade failed, Richard won fame and admiration for his martial valor. Yet the glory of faraway battles came at great cost back home. With Richard frequently abroad, his conniving brother John schemed to usurp the English crown, sowing discord throughout the realm.

As war drained England’s treasury, an increasingly resentful populace yearned to constrain the absentee King’s powers. From this simmering discontent arose the defiant Magna Carta, which Richard himself was forced to sign.

When a crossbow bolt felled the Lionheart at age 42, the legend of the fearless crusader king was seared into history even as his life’s work rapidly unraveled. Though the Holy Land slipped through his grasp, Richard I remains immortalized as the warrior monarch who bankrupted an empire and unintentionally paved the way for one of history’s greatest documents protecting the rights of the governed. Eight centuries later, the Lionheart continues to roar as one of history’s most vivid lives.