The ‘Parting of the Ways’ between Jews and Christians has only recently been extended to the question as to whether the Gospel Source Q still has to be considered ‘Jewish’. Especially the question of polemics seems to be crucial: Does the polemical language in Q indicate a past rupture between Q-people and Jews? Apocalyptic groups in early Judaism adopted a very polemical language of judgement, exclusion and condemnation of rival Jewish competitors and highlight the conception of the eschatological damnation of a part of Israel. Thus, polemics in Q could also be interpreted as an inner-Jewish struggle for the true apocalyptic interpretation of the Torah rather than as an already completed ‘Parting of the Ways’.

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