In this book, the information available at national as well as at international level on poultry science has been critically reviewed and recommendations have been made for further research, technology transfer and other related aspects of production of avian species both under urban and peri-urban, intensive poultry production, and under rural poultry production both having small and extensively reared units as well as relatively larger units raising layers and broilers collectively as is in co-operative dairy farming and now also under producer companies. There are serious differences in poultry production, processing and marketing of products compared to dairy and suitable modifications in the approach to the rural poultry producer have been suggested to become economically viable and competitive production system. It is hoped that the book will also be useful to the students of Poultry Science discipline.