Winner, Prix Littéraire Paris-Liège 2021
Winner, French Voices Award for Excellence in Publication and Translation
When we speak of mass killers, we may speak of radicalized ideologues, mediocrities who only obey orders, or bloodthirsty monsters. Who are these men who kill on a mass scale? What is their consciousness? Do they not feel horror or compassion?
Richard Rechtman’s Living in Death offers new answers to a question that has haunted us at least since the Holocaust. For Rechtman, it is not ideologies that kill, but people. This book descends into the ordinary life of people who execute hundreds every day, the same way others go to the office. Bringing philosophical sophistication to the ordinary, the book constitutes an anthropology of mass killers.
Turning away from existing psychological and philosophical accounts of genocide’s perpetrators, Rechtman instead explores the conditions under which administering death becomes a job like any other. Considering Cambodia, Rwanda, and other mass killings, Living in Death draws on a vast array of archival research, psychological theory, and anecdotes from the author’s clinical work with refugees and former participants in genocide. Rechtman mounts a compelling case for reframing and refocusing our attempts to explain—and preempt—acts of mass torture, rape, killing, and extermination.
What we must see, Rechtman argues, is that for genocidaires (those who carry out acts that are or approach genocide), there is nothing extraordinary, unusual, or world-historical about their actions. On the contrary, they are preoccupied with the same mundane things that characterize any other job: interactions with colleagues, living conditions, a drink and a laugh at the end of the day. To understand this is to understand how things came to be the way they are—and how they might be different.
สารบัญ
Foreword by Veena Das | vii
Introduction | 1
1. Those Who Kill | 13
The Confessions | 14 • The Killers’ Testimonies | 19
2. Monsters: Cruelty and Jouissance | 29
Fictions and Figures of Evil | 32 • The Archaic Remnants of Evil | 39
3. Ordinary Man and His Pathologies | 51
Banality and Mediocrity: The Ordinary According
to Arendt | 54 • When Ordinary Men Become
Killers | 65 • Blind Obedience and Submission to
Authority | 73 • The Pathologies of the Ordinary Man | 81
4. The Administration of Death | 92
To Make Die and Not to Let Live | 97 • The Khmer
Rouge Administration of Death, 1975–79 | 102 •
From Genocide to Genocidaires | 118
5. The Ordinary Life of Genocidaires | 130
The Executioner | 134 • Forms of Life and Ordinary
Lives | 141 • The Neighborhood, or the Elementary
Unity of the Genocidal Form of Life | 148
Conclusion | 173
Acknowledgments | 193
Notes | 195
เกี่ยวกับผู้แต่ง
Veena Das is Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Anthropology at the Johns Hopkins University.
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