This is a complete resource for scholars and students of
Tolkien, as well as avid fans, with coverage of his life, work,
dominant themes, influences, and the critical reaction to his
writing.
* An in-depth examination of Tolkien’s entire work by a
cadre of top scholars
* Provides up-to-date discussion and analysis of Tolkien’s
scholarly and literary works, including his latest posthumous book,
The Fall of Arthur, as well as addressing contemporary
adaptations, including the new Hobbit films
* Investigates various themes across his body of work, such as
mythmaking, medieval languages, nature, war, religion, and the
defeat of evil
* Discusses the impact of his work on art, film, music, gaming,
and subsequent generations of fantasy writers
สารบัญ
Acknowledgments xi
Notes on Contributors xiii
Editorial Practices and Abbreviations xix
Brief Chronology of the Life and Works of J. R. R. Tolkien xxii
Introduction 1
Part I: Life 5
1 A Brief Biography 7
John Garth
Part II: The Academic 25
2 Academic Writings 27
Thomas Honegger
3 Tolkien as Editor 41
Tom Shippey
4 Manuscripts: Use, and Using 56
Stuart D. Lee
Part III: The Legendarium 77
5 Myth-making and Sub-creation 79
Carl Phelpstead
6 Middle-earth Mythology: An Overview 92
Leslie A. Donovan
7 The Silmarillion: Tolkien’s Theory of Myth, Text, and Culture 107
Gergely Nagy
8 The Hobbit: A Turning Point 119
John D. Rateliff
9 The Lord of the Rings 133
John R. Holmes
10 Unfinished Tales and the History of Middle-earth: A Lifetime of Imagination 146
Elizabeth A. Whittingham
11 ‘The Lost Road’ and ‘The Notion Club Papers’: Myth, History, and Time-travel 161
Verlyn Flieger
12 Poetry 173
Corey Olsen
13 ‘Minor’ Works 189
Maria Artamonova
14 Invented Languages and Writing Systems 202
Arden R. Smith
Part IV: Context 215
15 Old English 217
Mark Atherton
16 Middle English 230
Elizabeth Solopova
17 Old Norse 244
Tom Birkett
18 Finnish: The Land and Language of Heroes 259
Leena Kahlas-Tarkka
19 Celtic: ‘Celtic Things’ and ‘Things Celtic’ – Identity, Language, and Mythology 272
J. S. Lyman-Thomas
20 The English Literary Tradition: Shakespeare to the Gothic 286
Nick Groom
21 Earlier Fantasy Fiction: Morris, Dunsany, and Lindsay 303
Rachel Falconer
22 The Inklings and Others: Tolkien and His Contemporaries 317
David Bratman
23 Later Fantasy Fiction: Tolkien’s Legacy 335
Dimitra Fimi
24 Modernity: Tolkien and His Contemporaries 350
Anna Vaninskaya
Part V: Critical Approaches 367
25 The Critical Response to Tolkien’s Fiction 369
Patrick Curry
26 Style and Intertextual Echoes 389
Allan Turner
27 The Hero’s Journey 404
Anna Caughey
28 Evil 418
Christopher Garbowski
29 Nature 431
Liam Campbell
30 Religion: An Implicit Catholicism 446
Pat Pinsent
31 War 461
Janet Brennan Croft
32 Women 473
Adam Roberts
33 Art 487
Christopher Tuthill
34 Music 501
Bradford Lee Eden
35 Film Adaptations: Theatrical and Television Versions 514
Kristin Thompson
36 Games and Gaming: Quantasy 530
Péter Kristóf Makai
General Bibliography 545
Index 555
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Stuart D. Lee is a member of the English Faculty at the University of Oxford. He is the University’s Reader in E-learning and Digital Libraries, a member of Merton College, and Deputy CIO at the University’s IT Services. He has studied medieval literature and the works of Tolkien for over 30 years. His research focuses on the impact of medieval literature on modern culture, and he lectures in Old English, Tolkien, and the Poetry of the First World War. He is co-author of Key Concepts in Medieval Literature (2006) and The Keys of Middle-earth: Discovering Medieval Literature through the Fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien (2005).