This book offers a guideline for "Technology Audit" exercises for the transforming innovation systems of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs). Further- more, the book presents the results of an exemplary application of this guideline in the field of biotechnology in Hungary. The authors – a group of innovation re- searchers of the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (l SI), Germany, and of the Innovation Research Centre (IKU), Hungary – provide a sound concept for the identification of technological strengths and weaknesses of the CEECs’ industrially oriented research systems as a basis for the design of advanced innovation policies. After the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) had proposed a "Technology Audit" of Hungary in 1993, a pilot audit was carried out under their auspices. In parallel, the German Federal Ministry of Education, Sci- ence, Research and Technology (BMFT) put forward the idea of developing the audit concept further in order to make it applicable also in other Central and Eastern European Countries. They asked l SI to utilise the running OECD audits as a learn- ing source and to work out a comprehensive audit approach.
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