The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) mission is to save lives, prevent injuries, and reduce the economic costs due to traffic crashes. As such, NHTSA is responsible for overseeing vehicle safety, a task made more challenging by the increasingly complex electronics and software used in today’s vehicles. NHTSA’s oversight faces greater scrutiny after a series of high-profile vehicle recalls that highlighted deficiencies with NHTSA’s safety-defect investigation processes. This book addresses challenges identified for NHTSA’s oversight of safety defects; NHTSA’s implementation of a new IT system for safety-defect investigations; and how NHTSA is addressing new technologies in its oversight of vehicle safety, among other things.