Modern perceptions of race across much of the Global South are indebted to the Brazilian social scientist Gilberto Freyre, who in works such as The Masters and the Slaves claimed that Portuguese colonialism produced exceptionally benign and tolerant race relations. This volume radically reinterprets Freyre’s Luso-tropicalist arguments and critically engages with the historical complexity of racial concepts and practices in the Portuguese-speaking world. Encompassing Brazil as well as Portuguese-speaking societies in Africa, Asia, and even Portugal itself, it places an interdisciplinary group of scholars in conversation to challenge the conventional understanding of twentieth-century racialization, proffering new insights into such controversial topics as human plasticity, racial amalgamation, and the tropes and proxies of whiteness.
สารบัญ
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Warwick Anderson, Ricardo Roque, and Ricardo Ventura Santos
PART I: PICTURING AND READING FREYRE
Chapter 1. Gilberto Freyre’s View of Miscegenation and Its Circulation in the Portuguese Empire (1930s–1960s)
Cláudia Castelo
Chapter 2. Gilberto Freyre: Racial Populism and Ethnic Nationalism
Jerry Dávila
Chapter 3. Anthropology and Pan-Africanism at the Margins of the Portuguese Empire: Trajectories of Kamba Simango
Lorenzo Macagno
PART II: IMAGINING A MIXED-RACE NATION
Chapter 4. Eugenics, Genetics and Anthropology in Brazil: The Masters and the Slaves, Racial Miscegenation and Its Discontents
Robert Wegner and Vanderlei Sebastião de Souza
Chapter 5. Gilberto Freyre and the UNESCO Research Project on Race Relations in Brazil
Marcos Chor Maio
Chapter 6. “An Immense Mosaic”: Race Mixing and the Creation of the Genetic Nation in 1960s Brazil
Rosanna Dent and Ricardo Ventura Santos
PART III: THE COLONIAL SCIENCES OF RACE
Chapter 7. The Racial Science of Patriotic Primitives: António Mendes Correia in Portuguese Timor
Ricardo Roque
Chapter 8. Reassessing Portuguese Exceptionalism: Racial Concepts and Colonial Policies toward the “Bushmen” in Southern Angola, 1880s–1970s
Samuël Coghe
Chapter 9. “Anthropobiology”, Racial Miscegenation and Body Normality: Comparing Biotypological Studies in Brazil and Portugal, 1930–1940
Ana Carolina Vimieiro Gomes
PART IV: PORTUGUESENESS IN THE TROPICS
Chapter 10. Luso-Tropicalism Debunked, Again: Race, Racism, and Racialism in Three Portuguese-Speaking Societies
Cristiana Bastos
Chapter 11. Being Goan (Modern) in Zanzibar: Mobility, Relationality and the Stitching of Race
Pamila Gupta
Afterword I: Mixing the Global Color Palette
Nélia Dias
Afterword II: Luso-tropicalism and Mixture in the Latin American Context
Peter Wade
Index
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Ricardo Ventura Santos is a Senior Researcher at Fundação Oswaldo Cruz and Professor at the Department of Anthropology of the National Museum, in Rio de Janeiro. He is the author of The Xavante in Transition (2002) and co-editor of Racial Identities, Genetic Ancestry, and Health in South America (2011) and Mestizo Genomics (2014).
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