This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Neural Computing for Advanced Applications, NCAA 2024, held in Guilin, China, during July 5-7, 2024.The 89 revised full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 227 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections:Part I: Neural network (NN) theory, NN-based control systems, neuro-system integration and engineering applications; Computer vision, and their engineering applications.Part II: Computational intelligence, nature-inspired optimizers, their engineering applications, and benchmarks.Part III: Natural language processing, knowledge graphs, recommender systems, multimodal Deep Learning, and their applications; Fault diagnosis and forecasting, prognostic management, Time-series analysis, and cyber-physical system security.