Carlo V. Bellieni & Lourdes Velazquez 
True Secret of Evolution [PDF ebook] 
From Competition to Collaboration

The concept of evolution has evolved over time. This is the conclusion reached by Carlo Bellieni and Lourdes Velazquez, examining the biological and philosophical literature that concerns this topic. From an evolution based on competition to make the fittest prevail, we have moved on to an evolution that admits the collaboration between species and of single beings with their environment, among the forces that produced it. Now we know that the environment can influence how genes mutate, even though it does not directly produce a mutation. Evolution based on competition produced Malthusianism and social Darwinism, which were used to justify the prevalence of one people over a "less suitable" one; this scheme now shows its limits.