Women and Economics (1898) is a sociological and economic study by American author and feminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Inspired by her work as a social reformer and advocate for women’s suffrage, Gilman sought to write a work of nonfiction that explained the need to introduce women into the workforce while alleviating their responsibilities as wives and mothers. Women and Economics, arguably Gilman’s most important work, employs the theories of Karl Marx, Charles Darwin, and Thorstein Veblen to not only assess the damage done to women and human society by inequality, but to propose realistic ways of eliminating gender oppression while benefitting humanity at large.
Observing that women in their roles as wives and mothers tend to work harder for longer hours than men while being excluded from the work force, Gilman proposes that the progress of human society depends upon the equality of men and women in all aspects of working and domestic life. She acknowledges the importance of the suffragist movement—in which she was a leading figure—while making the case for the economic equality of men and women in addition to the democratic equality sought by their activism. Ultimately, Gilman advocates for the professionalization of domestic work, suggesting that women should be allowed to enter the workforce while hiring others to care for and educate their children as well as perform the duties necessary for the upkeep of the home. Grounding her work in the dominant sociological, biological, and economic theories of the time, Gilman provided the intellectual arguments necessary for elevating the feminist cause from a popular movement to a true political force. Women and Economics is a powerful work of sociological thought by a leading reformer and feminist of her day.
This edition of Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Women and Economics is a classic of American literature and nonfiction reimagined for modern readers.
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Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) was an American author, feminist, and social reformer. Born in Hartford, Connecticut, Gilman was raised by her mother after her father abandoned his family to poverty. A single mother, Mary Perkins struggled to provide for her son and daughter, frequently enlisting the help of her estranged husband’s aunts, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, the author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin. These early experiences shaped Charlotte’s outlook on gender and society, inspiring numerous written works and a lifetime of activism. Gilman excelled in school as a youth and went on to study at the Rhode Island School of Design where, in 1879, she met a woman named Martha Luther. The two were involved romantically for the next few years until Luther married in 1881. Distraught, Gilman eventually married Charles Walter Stetson, a painter, in 1884, with whom she had one daughter. After Katharine’s birth, Gilman suffered an intense case of post-partum depression, an experience which inspired her landmark story “The Yellow Wallpaper” (1890). Gilman and Stetson divorced in 1894, after which Charlotte moved to California and became active in social reform. Gilman was a pioneer of the American feminist movement and an early advocate for women’s suffrage, divorce, and euthanasia. Her radical beliefs and controversial views on race—Gilman was known to support white supremacist ideologies—nearly consigned her work to history; at the time of her death none of her works remained in print. In the 1970s, however, the rise of second-wave feminism and its influence on literary scholarship revived her reputation, bringing her work back into publication.
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