PAUL M. GRIFFIN, PHD, is the Joseph C. Mello Chair and Professor of Industrial Engineering at Georgia Tech. HARRIET B. NEMBHARD, PHD, Is a Professor of Industrial Engineering at Pennsylvania State University. She is Director of the Center for Integrated Healthcare Delivery Systems. CHRISTOPHER J. DEFLITCH, MD, is the Chief Medical Information Officer and an Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine at the Pennsylvania State University Hershey Medical Center. NATHANIEL D. BASTIAN, PHD, is a Healthcare Operations Research Analyst in the United States Army Medical Department. HYOJUNG KANG, PHD, is a Research Assistant Professor of Systems and Information Engineering at the University of Virginia. DAVID A. MUÑOZ, PHD, is a consultant at Mc Kinsey & Company.