The capacity for holding a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time is known as short-term memory. The duration of short-term memory (when rehearsal or active maintenance is prevented) is believed to be in the order of seconds. This book presents research in the shared object representation in visual short-term memory and visual attention; neuron-astroglial communication in short-term memory; visual short-term memory and the bilateral field advantage; working memory and language processing and reading acquisition; an in vitro model for analyzing the conversion of short-term to long-term memory and Cav2.1-mediated NMDA receptor signaling in short-term memory.