Major improvements in instrumentation and specimen preparation have brought SEM to the fore as a biological imaging technique. In FESEM, a field-emission cathode placed in the electron gun of a scanning electron microscope provides narrower probing beams and high electron energy. The result is improved spatial resolution and minimized sample charging and damage. Images produced are less destroyed and have a spatial resolution down to 1.5 nm, three to six times better than conventional SEM.
Although this imaging technique has undergone tremendous developments, it is still poorly represented in the literature, limited to journal articles and chapter s in books. This comprehensive volume is dedicated to the theory and practical applications of FESEM in biological samples. It provides a comprehensive explanation of instrumentation, applications, and protocols, and is intended to teach the reader how to operate such microscopes to obtain the best quality images.
İçerik tablosu
The Early Development of the Scanning Electron Microscope.- LVSEM for Biology.- The Aberration-Corrected SEM.- Noise and Its Effects on the Low-Voltage SEM.- High-Resolution, Low Voltage, Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRLVFESEM) Applications for Cell Biology and Specimen Preparation Protocols.- Molecular Labeling for Correlative Microscopy: LM, LVSEM, TEM, EF-TEM and HVEM.- Low k V and Video-Rate, Beam-Tilt Stereo for Viewing Live-Time Experiments in the SEM.- Cryo-SEM of Chemically Fixed Animal Cells.- High-Resolution and Low-Voltage SEM of Plant Cells.- High-Resolution Cryoscanning Electron Microscopy of Biological Samples.- Developments in Instrumentation for Microanalysis in Low-Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy.
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