Kalli Giannelos & Bernard Reber 
Responsive Ethics and Participation [PDF ebook] 
Science, Technology and Democracy

Foreword ix
Bernard REBER
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction xvii
Chapter 1 Defining Ethics and Participation 1
1.1 Ethical challenges in research and innovation 2
1.1.1 Ethics in governance of research and innovation 2
1.1.2 Bottom-up approaches 6
1.2 Facing responsibility 10
1.2.1 The notion of responsibility in innovation 10
1.2.2 Ethics and technology assessment: at the root of responsible innovation 14
1.2.3 From ethics of technology to responsible research and innovation 18
1.3 Public participation and the ideal of participatory democracy 22
1.3.1 Public participation in research and innovation 22
1.3.2 Participation in technology assessment 26
1.3.3 From broad participatory practices to deliberation 29
1.4 The diverse field of participation 33
1.4.1 Defining participatory activities: types and timelines 33
1.4.2. Defining participants: types of actors and visions of engagement 37
1.4.3 Finding value in participation 42
1.4.4 Models of participation 45
1.5 Conclusion 48
Chapter 2 Regulations on Ethics and Participation 49
2.1 Policies and regulations on the ethics of innovation 49
2.1.1 Main regulations on research ethics and research integrity 49
2.1.2 Ethics assessment: a standard in European funding programs 54
2.2. Analysis of current European regulations on ethics and participation 58
2.2.1 The different institutional configurations for ethics and participation 58
2.2.2 The current deadlocks of European regulatory bodies 63
2.2.3 Ethics of participation: current boundaries 68
2.3 Soft law on participatory approaches 70
2.3.1 Re-shaping participatory approaches through soft law: toward a normative instrument 70
2.4 Beyond regulations: institutional needs for ethical participation 73
2.4.1 The needs from a governance point of view 73
2.4.2 Identifying good practices and criteria for ethical participation 77
2.5 Conclusion 82
Chapter 3 Ethical Participation 85
3.1 How mainstream is citizen participation? 86
3.1.1 A case study on research funding organizations 86
3.1.2 Citizens’ low involvement in R&I processes 91
3.1.3 Prevailing types of participation 98
3.2 Leveraging the funding of R&I for a novel approach to participation 102
3.2.1 Context-sensitive specificities 102
3.2.2 Expectations and legitimacy in the funding of R&I 104
3.2.3 The impact of participatory practices 111
3.3 Addressing the needs of research funding organizations 114
3.3.1 Standardized approaches and the European discrepancies 114
3.3.2 Ethical grounds meeting public scrutiny 117
3.4 Toward an ethics framework 119
3.4.1. Finding common paths and compromises in R&I governance 119
3.4.2 Main critical factors facing institutions 123
3.5 An ethics framework for participation 125
3.5.1 Some guidelines for future ethics frameworks 125
3.5.2 A tentative ethics framework 128
Conclusion 133
Appendices 143
Appendix 1: Categories Considered in the Case Study on Research Funding Organizations 145
Appendix 2: Tentative Ethics Framework 149
References 179
Index 193

Kalli Giannelos is a researcher and lecturer at Sciences Po, Paris. She holds a Ph D in social sciences, a master’s degree from Sciences Po and two research master’s degrees from the Sorbonne. Her research focuses on innovation ethics, participatory democracy, media and digital ethics.
Bernard Reber is a philosopher and CNRS director of research at Sciences Po, Paris. He is a renowned expert on participatory technological assessment in both theoretical (including moral and political philosophy) and comparative-empirical terms (including moral sociology).
Neelke Doorn is a professor of ethics of water engineering at Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands. She has a background in civil engineering, philosophy and law. She works on the interface of philosophy and technology, with a special focus on water and climate.