In The China Paradox: At the Front Line of Economic Transformation, Harvard University-based historian of modern China and business strategist Dr. Paul G. Clifford documents the twists and turns of China’s dramatic and unforeseen rise over the last four decades. He sheds light on the delicate and fragile balance of forces at the heart of the success of China’s hybrid model, explaining how the ruling Communist Party boldly led the nation’s economic reforms as the surest way to preserve its grip on political power.
Five years after this book was first published, much has changed within China and in its relationship with the world. This second edition provides extensive fresh new material. It explains how China has raised its game, moving from a catch-up mode to technological innovation in some areas, while still languishing in technology dependence in other respects. Earlier, China had shown signs that its driving spirit was faltering with its sails flapping. Under Xi Jinping, renewed energy has been injected. But at the same time Xi and his party have strongly reinforced their control across society and the economy, posing the question of whether Xi’s New Era in fact marks a retreat from the reforms.
This second edition contains two new chapters. One profiles Huawei, a national champion in advanced technology. Another focuses on China’s frictions with the world which have been fueled by a perception that its technology progress threatens US global dominance, coupled with China’s human rights record. In addition, against a background of the challenges faced by Alibaba and other firms, there is analysis of this watershed in China’s private sector’s autonomy. There is also extensive new insight into Xi Jinping’s rule.
As it celebrates its 100th anniversary in 2021, the Chinese Communist Party displays strong optimism over its continued governance of China. But that should not mask the longer-term risks to China’s development and stability if its hybrid model continues to unravel as reforms are abandoned in favor of heightened autocracy.
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Dr. Paul G. Clifford is a historian and business strategist. He lived and worked in China for many decades, first as a student in 1973 during the Cultural Revolution and later facilitating China’s economic reforms. He developed and implemented business strategies for foreign companies entering China and for Chinese businesses (both state-owned and private) going global. During his career he has served at a senior level in a US corporate bank, a global management consulting firm and a major US high tech firm where he was responsible for its strategic relationship with a Chinese policy bank. He worked across multiple sectors from basic infrastructure and manufacturing (building materials, chemicals, integrated logistics, automotive and railways) to advanced technology (fiber optics, semi-conductors, remote healthcare networks and smart and connected cities).
Dr. Clifford is currently Non-resident Senior Fellow at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University and President of Paul G. Clifford & Associates, LLC, which provides corporate advisory services. The first edition of The China Paradox: At The Front line of Economic Transformation (2017) received critical acclaim. This second edition has been expanded significantly to include new materials on Chinese technology firms, China’s frictions with the world and the implications of Xi Jinping’s New Era.
Dr. Clifford studied at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, where he received a Ph.D. in modern Chinese history, and at Peking University. He has taught at universities in Mexico and London and has been widely published globally and in China on Chinese history, politics, economics and business. He is fluent in modem Chinese and also reads classical Chinese. He now lives in Rhode Island, USA.
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