Rapid advances and new technologies in the life sciences – such as biotechnologies in health, agricultural and environmental arenas – pose a range of pressing challenges to questions of citizenship. This volume brings together for the first time authors from diverse experiences and analytical traditions, encouraging a conversation between science and technology and development studies around issues of science, citizenship and globalisation. It reflects on the nature of expertise; the framing of knowledge; processes of public engagement; and issues of rights, justice and democracy. A wide variety of pressing issues is explored, such as medical genetics, agricultural biotechnology, occupational health and HIV/AIDS. Drawing upon rich case studies from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe, Science and Citizens asks: Do new perspectives on science, expertise and citizenship emerge from comparing cases across different issues and settings? What difference does globalisation make? What does this tell us about approaches to risk, regulation and public participation? How might the notion of ‘cognitive justice’ help to further debate and practice?