Benefitting from phytochemicals in medicinal plants has lately gained increasingly more global relevance. The medicinal bioactivity might range from wound healing activity to anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. This work describes the challenging scientific process of systematic identification and taxonomy through molecular profiling and nanoparticle production from plant extracts until a final use for e.g. cancer or HIV treatment. From the table of contents PART A: Biodiversity & Traditional Knowledge.__Habitats and Distribution.__Threats and Conservation.__Culture, tradition and indigenous practices.PART B: Phytochemical constituents – Molecules and Characterization Techniques.__Alkaloids & Flavonoids.__Tannin, Saponnin and Taxol.__Terpenoids, Steroids and Phenolic Compounds.__Essential oil and their constituents.__Characterization Techniques used for the analysis of phytochemical constituents.PART C: Medicinal Bioactivity.__Anti-cancerous and Anti HIV activity.__Anti-microbial, Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity.__Anti-oxidant activity.__Anti-diabetic activity.__Anti-Corona virus and anti-viral activity.PART D: Nanotechnology.__Nano-materials synthesis from medicinal plant extract.__Characterization and activity of medicinal plant based nanoparticles.PART E: Pharmacology/Drug discovery.__Plant phytochemicals in drug discovery.__Extraction and production of drugs.__System pharmacology and drug discovery.