In this 1891 essay, Shaw champions the works of Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, praising his social realism and his characters’ struggles against a hypocritical society. Shaw then pushes farther, dividing humankind into three categories—of which, he declares, “Out of a thousand persons, there are 700 Philistines, 299 idealists, and only one lone realist.”
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George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) wrote articles, novels, short stories, and more than sixty iconoclastic plays, including Mrs Warren’s Profession, Caesar and Cleopatra, Pygmalion, and many others. His works challenged assumptions about marriage, religion, and politics. A co-founder of the London School of Economics, he was part of the Fabian Society. He is the only person to have won both an Oscar and the Nobel Prize for Literature.