Osteomyelitis is a difficult-to-treat bone infection characterized by progressive inflammatory destruction of the bone, with necrosis and new bone formation. It can occur at any age and can involve any bone. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the risk factors, diagnosis and treatment options for osteomyelitis. Topics include new antimicrobial therapies for osteomyelitis; osteomyelitis of the mandible; post trauma and salmonella-osteomyelitis; the impact of bone homeostasis materials on infection and healing and the clinical background of musculoskeletal infection.