Mary Wollstonecraft 
Vindication of the Rights of Woman [PDF ebook] 
With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects

Mary Wollstonecraft wrote Vindication of the Rights of Woman in response to public debate and discussion about the education of women. She argues that women should be educated according to their station, and that they could be more than mere wives to their husbands and educators to their children. The text is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy.