Day of Reckoning: Power and Accountability in Medieval France applies recent approaches to literacy, legal studies, memory, ritual, and the manorial economy to reexamine the transformation of medieval power. Highlighting the relationship of archives and power, it draws on the rich documentary sources of five of the largest Benedictine monasteries in northern France and Flanders, with comparisons to others, over a period of nearly four centuries.
The book opens up new perspectives on important problems of power, in particular the idea and practice of accountability. In a violent society, medieval lords tried to delegate power rather than share it—to get their men to prosecute justice or raise money legitimately, rather than through extortion and pillage. Robert F. Berkhofer III explains how subordinates were held accountable by abbots administering the extensive holdings of Saint-Bertin, Saint-Denis, Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Saint-Père-de-Chartres, and Saint-Vaast-d’Arras. As the abbots began to discipline their agents and monitor their conduct, the ‘day of reckoning’ took on new meaning, as customary meeting days were used to hold agents accountable. By 1200, written and unwritten techniques of rule developed in the monasteries had moved into the secular world; in these practices lay the origins of administration, bureaucratic power, and governance, all hallmarks of the modern state.
Зміст
Introduction
1. A Fragmentary Past? Monastic History, Memory, and Patrimony
2. Written Comprehension of Land and Signs of an Administrative Mentality
3. Ministering and Administering: Abbots as Catalysts of Change
4. Discipline and Service Inside and Outside the Cloister
Conclusion: Accountability, Writing, and Rule by 1200
Appendix 1: The Cartularies of Saint-Bertin
Appendix 2: The Cartulary of Three Crosses
Appendix 3: Enumerations in Papal Confirmations
Appendix 4: Abbatial and Monastic Acts: Saint-Vaast, Saint-Bertin, and Saint-Denis
List of Abbreviations
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Acknowledgments
Про автора
Robert F. Berkhofer III teaches history at Western Michigan University.
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