Thomas Hillen & I. E. Leonard 
Partial Differential Equations [EPUB ebook] 
Theory and Completely Solved Problems

Preface v
PART I THEORY
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Partial Differential Equations 4
1.2 Classification of Second Order Linear PDEs 7
1.3 Side Conditions 10
1.4 Linear PDEs 12
1.5 Steady-State and Equilibrium Solutions 16
1.6 First Example for Separation of Variables 19
1.7 Derivation of the Diffusion Equation 24
1.8 Derivation of the Heat Equation 26
1.9 Derivation of the Wave Equation 29
1.10 Examples of Laplace’s Equation 33
1.11 Summary 36
2 Fourier Series 39
2.1 Piecewise Continuous Functions 39
2.2 Even, Odd, and Periodic Functions 41
2.3 Orthogonal Functions 43
2.4 Fourier Series 49
2.5 Convergence of Fourier Series 56
2.6 Operations on Fourier Series 63
2.7 Mean Square Error 74
2.8 Complex Fourier Series 78
2.9 Summary 80
3 Separation of Variables 83
3.1 Homogeneous Equations 83
3.2 Nonhomogeneous Equations 95
3.3 Summary 111
4 Sturm-Liouville Theory 115
4.1 Formulation 115
4.2 Properties of Sturm-Liouville Problems 119
4.3 Eigenfunction Expansions 127
4.4 Rayleigh Quotient 135
4.5 Summary 141
5 Heat Eqn, Wave Eqn, and Laplace’s Eqn 145
5.1 One-Dimensional Heat Equation 145
5.2 Two-Dimensional Heat Equation 150
5.3 One-Dimensional Wave Equation 153
5.4 Laplace’s Equation 163
5.5 Maximum Principle 168
5.6 Two-Dimensional Wave Equation 169
5.7 Eigenfunctions in Two Dimensions 173
5.8 Summary 178
6 Polar Coordinates 181
6.1 Interior Dirichlet Problem for a Disk 181
6.2 Vibrating Circular Membrane 190
6.3 Bessel’s Equation 193
6.4 Bessel Functions 198
6.5 Fourier-Bessel Series 213
6.6 Solution to the Vibrating Membrane Problem 217
6.7 Summary 221
7 Spherical Coordinates 225
7.1 Spherical Coordinates 225
7.2 Legendre’s Equation 228
7.3 Legendre Functions 232
7.4 Spherical Bessel Functions 257
7.5 Interior Dirichlet Problem for a Sphere 258
7.6 Summary 262
8 Fourier Transforms 265
8.1 Fourier Integrals 265
8.2 Fourier Transforms 282
8.3 Summary 302
9 Fourier Transform Methods in PDEs 305
9.1 The Wave Equation 306
9.2 The Heat Equation 312
9.3 Laplace’s Equation 326
9.4 Summary 335
10 Method of Characteristics 337
10.1 Introduction to the Method of Characteristics 337
10.2 Geometric Interpretation 342
10.3 d’Alembert’s Solution 351
10.4 Extension to Quasilinear Equations 354
10.5 Summary 356
PART II EXPLICITLY SOLVED PROBLEMS
11 Fourier Series Problems 361
12 Sturm-Liouville Problems 393
13 Heat Equation Problems 433
14 Wave Equation Problems 491
15 Laplace’s Equation Problems 543
16 Fourier Transform Problems 577
17 Method of Characteristics Problems 607
18 Four Sample Midterm Examinations 631
19 Four Sample Final Examinations 647
19.1 Final Exam 1 647
19.2 Final Exam 2 656
19.3 Final Exam 3 662
19.4 Final Exam 4 669
Appendices 677
Appendix A: Gamma Function 679
The Bibliography 683
Bibliography 685
The Index 687
Index 689

T. HILLEN, Ph D, is Professor and Associate Chair(Graduate Program) in the Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences at the University of Alberta, Canada. Dr.Hillen is a world-leading expert in PDEs applied to mathematicalbiology and has also published extensively in the area of generalapplied mathematics.
I. E. LEONARD, Ph D, is Lecturer in the Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences at the University of Alberta, Canada. Dr. Leonard works in the areas of real analysis anddiscrete mathematics.
H. VAN ROESSEL, Ph D, is Associate Professor in the Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences at the University of Alberta, Canada. Dr. Van Roessel works on theapplication of PDEs to coagulation-fragmentation problems andrelated mathematical models.