EDITED BY STEPHAN A. MAYER, MD, FCCM, FNCS Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery, New York Medical College; Director, Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Westchester Medical Center Health Network, Valhalla, NY, USA JANET M. SHAPIRO, MD, FCCP Professor of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Interim Chief, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside, New York, NY, USA UMESH K. GIDWANI, MD, MS, FACC, FCCM, FCCP Associate Professor of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Chief, Cardiac Critical Care, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute; Director, Patient Safety and Quality Institute for Critical Care Medicine, New York, NY, USA JOHN M. OROPELLO, MD Professor of Surgery and Medicine; Program Director, Critical Care Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Institute for Critical Care Medicine, New York, NY, USA SERIES EDITOR Scott L. Friedman, MD Fishberg Professor of Medicine; Dean for Therapeutic Discovery; Chief, Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA