In 1935 Edmund Husserl delivered his now famous lecture ‘Philosophy and the Crisis of European Humanity, ‘ in which he argued that the ‘misguided rationalism’ of modern Western science, dominated by the model of mathematical physics, can tell us nothing about the ‘meaning’ of our lives. Today Husserl’s conviction that the West faces a crisis is no longer an abstraction. With the ever-present threat of nuclear explosion, the degradation of the oceans, and the possibility that climate change will wreak havoc on civilization itself, people from all walks of life are wondering what has gone so terribly wrong and what remedies might be available.
In
Retrieving Aristotle in an Age of Crisis, David Roochnik makes a lucid and powerful case that Aristotle offers a philosophical resource that even today can be of significant therapeutic value. Unlike the scientific revolutionaries of the seventeenth century, he insisted that both ordinary language and sense-perception play essential roles in the acquisition of knowledge. Centuries before Husserl, Aristotle was a phenomenologist who demanded that a successful theory remain faithful to human experience. His philosophy can thus provide precisely what modern European rationalism now so painfully lacks: an understanding and appreciation of the world in which human beings actually make their homes.
Mục lục
Acknowledgments
A Note to the Reader
Prologue
Introduction: Why Aristotle Matters
1. The Stars Are Eternal.
I.1: There are Only Three Dimensions.
I.2: Threeness Determines Wholeness.
I.3: There Are Four Elements.
I.4: Elements Naturally Move to Their Natural Place.
I.5: The Circle Is Perfect.
I.6: The Body Moving in Circular Orbit Is External.
I.7: History Is More or Less Bunk.
I.8: Religion Bears Witness to the Truth.
2. Nature is Purpose.
II.1: Teleology Is Good Science.
II.2: Intelligent Design Isn’t All Stupid.
II.3: Some Beings Are Natural; Others Are Not.
II.4: Form Is Nature More than Matter.
II.5: Form Is More Divine than Matter.
II.6: Nature is Hierarchical.
II.7: To Understand Nature, Study Its Best Examples.
II.8: The Finite Is Better than the Infinite.
II.9: Good Science Appreciates Things as They Are.
3. Being Is Good.
III.1: Metaphysics Is Onto-Theology.
III.2: There Are Substances Out There.
III.3: We Know a Substance When We See One.
III.4: God Is Alive and Good.
III.5: To Stand Firmly.
4. Truth Is Easy.
IV.1: If the Eye Were an Animal, Vision Would Be Its Soul.
IV.2: The World Is Nourishing.
IV.3: Perceiving Is Like Eating.
IV.4: We Are Wrong More Often than Not.
IV.5: Thinking IS Like Perceiving (Which Is Like Eating).
IV.6: We Can Say What We Think.
IV.7: We “Truth” the World.
5. The Theoretical Life Is Divine.
V.1: Life Is Meaningful.
V.2: Happiness Is Objective.
V.3: Good Life Comes from Good Habits.
V.4: Freedom Isn’t All It’s Cracked Up To Be.
V.5: Moral Evaluation Requires Stories.
V.6: Smart Moral People Are Better than Dumb Moral People.
V.7: Lack-of-Leisure Is for the Sake of Leisure.
V.8:
Theâria Is Not “Contemplation.”
6. Enough Is Enough.
VI.1: The Best City Needs the Best Life.
VI.2: The Practical Life Is Not the Best.
VI.3: Natural Slavery Is Justified.
VI.4: A Woman’s Place Is in the Home.
VI.5: Small, but Not Too Small, Is Beautiful.
VI.6: War Is for the Sake of Peace.
VI.7: Philosophy Cures.
Epilogue
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Giới thiệu về tác giả
David Roochnik is Professor of Philosophy at Boston University. His books include
Retrieving the Ancients: An Introduction to Greek Philosophy and
Beautiful City: The Dialectical Character of Plato’s Republic.
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