Mục lục
Copyright, Credits, Acknowledgements. 2
Copyright & Permission. 2
Cover. 2
Acknowledgments. 2
Table of Contents. 3
1. Introduction.. 5
1.1 The Nineteenth-Century Context. 6
1.2 Enlightenment Ideas and the Philosophy of Kant. 7
1.3 Writings of 19th-Century French Painters. 8
2. Prelude: The Academy and the Salon.. 10
3. Neoclassicism… 11
3.1 Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825) 11
3.2 Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1780-1867) 17
3.3 Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (1796-1875) 21
4. Romanticism… 27
4.1 Baron Antoine-Jean Gros (1771-1835) 28
4.2 Théodore Géricault (1791-1824) 29
4.3 Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863) 34
4.4 Charles Pierre Baudelaire (1821-1867), art critic. 40
4.5 Summary of Romanticism.. 43
5. Naturalism… 48
5.1 Introduction. 48
5.2 Jean-Francois Millet (1814-1875) 51
5.3 Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) 53
5.4 John Ruskin (1819-1900), art critic. 57
6. Summary of Artists on Art to the 1860s. 60
6.1 Training. 60
6.2 Reason and emotions. 60
6.3 Style and subject. 60
6.4 Judging art. 61
7. Transition.. 62
7.1 Edouard Manet (1832-1883) 62
7.2 Emile Zola (1840-1902): Manet’s Promoter. 70
8. Impressionism… 72
8.1 Introduction. 72
8.2 Claude Monet (1840-1926) 74
8.3 Edgar Degas (1834-1917) 79
8.4 Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) 82
8.5 Summary of Manet and Impressionism.. 83
9. Post-Impressionism… 85
9.1 Paul Cézanne (1839-1906) 85
9.2 Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) 91
9.3 Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) 92
10. Pointillism… 95
10.1 Georges Seurat (1859-1891) 95
11. Symbolism… 97
11.1 Gustave Moreau (1826-1898) 97
12. Academic Painters. 102
12.1 Introduction. 102
12.2 William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) 102
13. Conclusion: Art and Philosophy. 105
13.1 The Proper Definition of Art, and Art’s Purpose. 106
13.2 An Artist’s Training. 111
13.3 Reason, Emotions, and Art. 113
13.4 Style and Subject. 115
13.5 Judging Art. 117
13.6 Hope for the Future. 118
14. Illustrations. 120
15. About the Author, Dianne L. Durante 136
