Douglas Johnson & Douglas H Johnson 
The Root Causes of Sudan’s Civil Wars [PDF ebook] 
Old Wars and New Wars [Expanded 3rd Edition]

Sudan’s post-independence history has been dominated by political and civil strife. Most commentators have attributed the country’s recurring civil war either to an age-old racial divide between Arabs and Africans, or to recent colonially constructed inequalities. This book attempts a more complex analysis, briefly examining the historical, political, economic and social factors which have contributed to periodic outbreaks of violence between the state andits peripheries. In tracing historical continuities, it outlines the essential differences between the modern Sudan’s first civil war in the 1960s and today, including an analysis of the escalation of the Darfur war, implementation of the 2005 peace agreement and implications of the Southern referendum in 2011 and the new war in Sudan’s new south and South Sudan. The author also looks at the series of minor civil wars generated by, and contained within, the major conflict, as well as the regional and international factors – including humanitarian aid – which have exacerbated civil violence. This introduction is aimed at students of North-East Africa, and of conflict and ethnicity. It will be essential reading for those in aid and international organizations who need a straightforward analytical survey which will help them assess the prospects for a lasting peace in Sudan.


Douglas H. Johnson isan independent scholar and former international expert on the Abyei Boundaries Commission.

Mục lục

Preface to Expanded 3rd Edition

The Historical Structure of North-South Relations

British Overrule 1899-1947

Nationalism, Independence & the First Civil War 1942-72

The Addis Ababa Agreement & the Regional Governments 1972-83

The Beginning of the Second Civil War 1983-85 – Interlude

The Momentum of Liberation 1986-91

The SPLA Split: Surviving Factionalism

The Segmentation of SPLA- United & the Nuer Civil War

Multiple Civil Wars

The War Economy & the Politics of Relief

Comprehensive Peace or Temporary Truce?

Epilogue: War in Sudan’s New South and New War in South Sudan