Immanuel Kant’s ‘Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals’ is a seminal text that lays the foundation for his moral philosophy. Through a methodical examination of moral concepts, Kant articulates the principles of a deontological ethical framework based on duty rather than consequences. His discussion introduces the pivotal concept of the Categorical Imperative, guiding moral actions through universalizability and respect for rational beings. Written in a clear yet rigorous literary style, this work situates itself within the Enlightenment discourse, emphasizing reason as the cornerstone of ethical behavior. Kant (1724-1804) was a German philosopher whose intellectual journey was shaped by the tumultuous period of Enlightenment thought. His quest for a rational basis for ethics arose from a deep dissatisfaction with both empiricism and dogmatic traditions. Living in a time when moral relativism was prevalent, Kant’s desire to establish universal moral laws reflects his profound engagement with the philosophical landscape of his day, influencing not only subsequent ethical theory but the broader spectrum of Western philosophy. ‘Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals’ is essential reading for anyone interested in the foundations of modern moral philosophy. It not only challenges readers to reflect on their own ethical convictions but also provides a framework for understanding contemporary debates in moral theory. Engaging with Kant’s text equips readers with crucial insights into the ongoing discourse surrounding morality, autonomy, and human dignity.
Giới thiệu về tác giả
Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) stands as a central figure in modern philosophy. A native of Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia), his comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have profoundly influenced all subsequent philosophy, particularly the various schools of Kantianism and idealism. Kant’s major work, ‘Critique of Pure Reason’ (1781), seeks to establish the limits and scope of metaphysics using his famous doctrine of a priori synthetic knowledge. He is also renowned for his ethical treatise, ‘Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals’ (1785), which lays the foundation for his deontological ethical system, wherein duty and reason are central. Herein, he attempts to derive universal moral laws, introducing the categorical imperative as a principle of evaluating the moral worth of actions. His ideas of moral autonomy and his insistence that morality springs from human reason situated Kant as a significant influencer in the shaping of modern ethical thought. His works, such as ‘Critique of Practical Reason’ (1788) and ‘Critique of Judgement’ (1790), further imprint his indelible mark on philosophical understandings of human freedom, morality, and aesthetics. Kant’s impact transcends his age, perpetuating a legacy that continues to challenge and inspire both the academic circles and broader discourses in ethics and rationality.
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