The training of a surgeon includes the acquisition of a number of characteristics, including a cognitive knowledge base, problem formulation and decision-making abilities, appropriate psychosocial relationships, and other attributes that can be measured with objective testing, such as national board or specialty certifying examinations. A battery of sophisticated devices is being created to teach and provide objective evaluations of the trainee’s technical abilities. These innovative state-of-the-art simulation devices, used to teach basic skills and surgical tasks through repetitive proctored challenges, will enable detection and analysis of surgical errors and near miss incidents without risk to patients. This book presents the latest research on surgical simulation and training topics.