Have you been told you need to do multilevel modeling, but you can′t get past the forest of equations? Do you need the techniques explained with words and practical examples so they make sense?
Help is here! This book unpacks these statistical techniques in easy-to-understand language with fully annotated examples using the statistical software Stata. The techniques are explained without reliance on equations and algebra so that new users will understand when to use these approaches and how they are really just special applications of ordinary regression. Using real life data, the authors show you how to model random intercept models and random coefficient models for cross-sectional data in a way that makes sense and can be retained and repeated.
This book is the perfect answer for anyone who needs a clear, accessible introduction to multilevel modeling.
Mục lục
Chapter 1: What Is Multilevel Modeling and Why Should I Use It?
Mixing levels of analysis
Theoretical reasons for multilevel modeling
What are the advantages of using multilevel models?
Statistical reasons for multilevel modeling
Assumptions of OLS
Software
How this book is organized
Chapter 2: Random Intercept Models: When intercepts vary
A review of single-level regression
Nesting structures in our data
Getting starting with random intercept models
What do our findings mean so far?
Changing the grouping to schools
Adding Level 1 explanatory variables
Adding Level 2 explanatory variables
Group mean centring
Interactions
Model fit
What about R-squared?
R-squared?
A further assumption and a short note on random and fixed effects
Chapter 3: Random Coefficient Models: When intercepts and coefficients vary
Getting started with random coefficient models
Trying a different random coefficient
Shrinkage
Fanning in and fanning out
Examining the variances
A dichotomous variable as a random coefficient
More than one random coefficient
A note on parsimony and fitting a model with multiple random coefficients
A model with one random and one fixed coefficient
Adding Level 2 variables
Residual diagnostics
First steps in model-building
Some tasters of further extensions to our basic models
Where to next?
Chapter 4: Communicating Results to a Wider Audience
Creating journal-formatted tables
The fixed part of the model
The importance of the null model
Centring variables
Stata commands to make table-making easier
What do you talk about?
Models with random coefficients
What about graphs?
Cross-level interactions
Parting words
Giới thiệu về tác giả
David Pevalin is Professor in the School of Health and Human Sciences and Dean of Postgraduate Research and Education at the University of Essex. He previously served in the Merchant Navy, the City of London Police and the Royal Hong Kong Police. He studied part time at the University of Hong Kong before graduate studies at the University of Calgary, Canada. He returned to the UK in 1999 as Senior Research Officer at the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Essex and joined his current School in 2003 after obtaining his Ph D. He co-authored (with Karen Robson) The Stata Survival Manual (Open University Press), co-edited (with David Rose) The Researcher’s Guide to the National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (Sage), and authored research reports for the Department of Work and Pensions and the Health Development Agency. He has published papers in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior, British Journal of Sociology, Lancet, Public Health, and Housing Studies.
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