Federal agencies’ ability to address poor performance has been a long-standing issue. Employees and agency leaders share a perception that more needs to be done to address poor performance, as even a small number of poor performers can affect agencies’ capacity to meet their missions. This book describes and compares avenues for addressing poor performance; describes issues that can affect an agency’s response to poor performance; determines trends in how agencies have resolved cases of poor performance since 2004; and assesses the extent to which OPM provides guidance that agencies need to address poor performance.