The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the subsequent responses by the U.S. federal government have raised fundamental questions about civil liberties in both domestic and international laws. As a result, the U.S. judiciary, out of its responsibility for interpreting the Constitution, has assumed a crucial role in defining boundaries of domestic and foreign policy, and in balancing concerns about security with the protection of liberty. Utilizing a sophisticated blend of quantitative and qualitative analysis, Kirk A. Randazzo examines two main questions: To what extent do federal judges defend liberty or champion security when adjudicating disputes? And to what extent does the hierarchal structure of the federal judiciary influence decisions by lower court judges? There are, he argues, disturbing indications that the federal judiciary as a whole are not defenders of liberty. Furthermore, lower court judges strategically anticipate the decisions of higher courts and constrain their behavior to avoid reversal.
Mục lục
List of Figures
List of Tables
Acknowledgments
Introduction
A Historical Look at the Federal Courts and U.S. Foreign Policy
The Scope of the Project
Organization of the Book
1. Theoretical Foundations
Definitions of U.S. Foreign Policy
Types of Foreign Policy Cases Adjudicated in Federal Courts
Constitutional/Legal Theories
International Relations/Foreign Policy Theories
Theories of Judicial Politics
Conclusions
2. Individual Examinations
The Paradox of Foreign Affairs Litigation
Theoretical Expectations
Research Design and Methods
Empirical Results
Conclusions
3. The Hierarchy of Justice and the Courts of Appeals
Historical Development of the Federal Judiciary
Theories of Judicial Compliance and Structural Hierarchies
Formal Model of Appeals Court Decision Making
Research Design and Methods
Empirical Results
Conclusions
4. The Hierarchy of Justice and the District Courts
Historical Development of the District Courts
Policy Making in a Judicial Hierarchy
Formal Model of District Court Decision Making
Research Design and Methods
Empirical Results
Conclusions
5. Defenders of Liberty or Champions of Security?
Analytical Contributions
Civil Liberties Protection in a Post-September 11 Environment
Quantitative Analysis of Lower Courts
Qualitative Analysis of the Supreme Court
Conclusions
Appendices
Appendix One: Coding Rules
Appendix Two: Litigant Codes
Appendix Three: Issue Codes
Notes
References
Index
Giới thiệu về tác giả
Kirk A. Randazzo is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of South Carolina.
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