Inc. SAGE Publications & Mary K. K. Stohr 
Corrections [EPUB ebook] 
From Research, to Policy, to Practice

PART 1: Foundations of Corrections
Chapter 1: The Philosophical and Ideological Underpinnings of Corrections
What is Punishment?
Introduction: What is Corrections?
The Foundation of Correctional Punishment
The Function of Punishment
The Major Punishment Justifications
The Due Process and Crime Control Models
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
Chapter 2: Early Corrections: From Ancient Times to Colonial Jails and Prisons
Narrative of Three Men Placed in the Missouri State Prison for Helping Slaves Escape via the Underground Railroad (1847), by George Thompson
Introduction: The Evolving Practice of Corrections
Themes: Truths That Underlie Correctional Practice
Early Punishments in Westernized Countries
Enlightenment—Paradigm Shift
Colonial Jails and Prisons
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
Chapter 3: Correctional History: Early Prisons to Corrections Today
Jim Crow Treatment in Prisons
Introduction: The Grand Reforms
Early Modern Prisons
Emerging Prison Models
Early Prisons and Jails Not Reformed
The Renewed Promise of Reform
American Corrections in the 20th and 21st Centuries
Themes That Prevail in Correctional History
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
Chapter 4: Ethics and Corrections
A Novice Bows to Subcultural Pressure, by Mary K. Stohr
Introduction: To Do the right Thing!
Ethical Foundation for Professional Practice
Why People Behave Unethically
How to Prevent Unethical Behavior and Promote Ethical Work Practices
War on Drugs = Attack on Ethics?
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
PART 2: The Correctional System
Chapter 5: Sentencing: The Application of Punishment
Vindictive Versus Sensible Sentencing
Introduction: What is Sentencing?
Types of Sentences
Plea Bargaining
Impact Statements at Sentencing
Structuring Judicial Sentencing Choices
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
Chapter 6: Jails and Detention Centers
A Mentally Ill Inmate in the Dona Ana County Jail, New Mexico
Introduction: The Community Institution
Jail Inmates and Their Processing
Trends in Jail Populations
Medical Problems
Suicides, Gangs, and Sexual Violence in Jails
Innovations in Jails
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
Chapter 7: Special Problem-Solving Courts in Corrections
Veterans Courts in Action
Introduction: What Are Problem-Solving Courts?
Drug Courts
Mental Health Courts
Veterans Courts
Domestic Violence Courts
Community Courts
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
Chapter 8: Community Corrections: Probation and Intermediary Sanctions
Betty′s Reproductive Rights Versus the Protection of Children and Society
Introduction: The Origins of Probation
Probation Today
Why Do We Need Community Corrections?
The Probation Officer Role
Strategies to Reduce Recidivism
Intermediate Sanctions
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
Chapter 9: Prisons and the Correctional Client
Kitchen Supervisor Sexually Abuses Two Male Inmates
Introduction: The State of Prisons
Prison Organizations
Prison Value?
Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience
The Prison Subculture
Violence
Solutions: Strategies to Reduce Violence, Mature  Coping, and Social Support
Special Populations
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
Chapter 10: Classification and Assessment of Offenders
The Challenges of Classification
Introduction: What Is Classification and Assessment?
The History of Classification and Assessment
Classification Today
Assessment and Classification in Community Corrections
The Case Management Classification and Supervision Levels
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
Chapter 11: Correctional Programming and Treatment
Life’s Turning Points
Introduction: The Rise and Fall (and Rise Again) of Rehabilitation
Evidence-Based Practices
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Substance Abuse Programming
Anger Management
Sex Offenders and Their Treatment
Mentally Ill Offenders
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
Chapter 12: Parole and Prisoner Reentry
The Perils of Parole
Introduction: What Is Parole?
Parole Boards
What Goes In Must Come Out: Prisoner Reentry Into the Community
Determining Parole Success
Approaches to Parole
Concluding Remarks on Reentry and Recidivism
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
PART 3: Correctional Administration
Chapter 13: Correctional Organizations and Their Management
Responses to Realignment
Introduction: Correctional Organizations and  Their  Management
Organizational-Level Factors That Affect Correctional Operations
Management Theories
Elements of Effective Organizations
Organizational Culture
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
Chapter 14: The corrections Experience for Staff
John’s Tragic Story, by Mary K. Stohr
Introduction: What Is a Profession?
The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs
Why Require More Education and Training?
Individual-Level Factors That Affect the Correctional Workplace
Correctional Roles
The Subculture and Socialization
Staff Interactions With Inmates
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
PART 4: Correctional Clients
Chapter 15: Women and Corrections
Supervising Is Different for Women, by Mary K. Stohr
Introduction: Women and Corrections
History and Growth
Current Figures on the Number of Women and Girls in Corrections
Females in Corrections: Needs, Programming, Abuse, and Adjustment
Female Correctional Officers
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
Chapter 16: Minorities and Corrections
Undocumented Workers and Their Side of the Story
Introduction: Minorities and Corrections
A Legacy of Racism
The Connection Between Class and Race or Ethnicity
Minorities: Policies and Practices That Have Resulted in Increased Incarceration
Minorities: Adjustment to Incarceration
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
Chapter 17: Juveniles and Corrections
Too Young for Life
Introduction: Delinquency and Status Offending
The Extent of Delinquency
The Juvenile Brain and Juvenile Behavior
History and Philosophy of Juvenile Justice
Processing Juvenile Offenders
Juvenile Community Corrections
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
PART 5: Special Topics in Corrections
Chapter 18: Legal Issues in Corrections
Prison Without Law
Introduction: Legal Issues
The Rule of Law
Constitutional Rights
The Civil Commitment of Sex Offenders
Curtailing Prisoner Petitions
Legal Issues in Probation and Parole
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
Chapter 19: The Death Penalty
A Very Unusual, Very Expensive Serial Killer
Introduction: The Death Penalty and Public Opinion
Methods of Execution Used in the United States
Challenges to the Death Penalty
Racial Disparity in Death Sentences
Women and the Death Penalty
The Death Penalty and Mental Disability and Mental Illness
The Innocence Revolution
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
Chapter 20: Comparative Corrections: Punishment in Other Countries
The Debate Over Corporal Punishment
Introduction: The Importance of Comparative Corrections
The United Kingdom and the Common Law System
France and the Civil Law System
China and the Socialist Law System
Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Law System
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites
Chapter 21: Corrections in the 21st Century
Can We Cure Criminality?
Introduction: Learning From the Past So That We Have Hope for the Future
Punitive Policies Yield Overuse of Corrections
Decarceration
Professionalization
Corrections Is a Relationship Business
Privatization
Concluding Thoughts
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Useful Internet Sites

Anthony Walsh, is a professor of criminology at Boise State University. He received his Ph D from Bowling Green State University at the ripe old age of 43. He has field experience in law enforcement and corrections and is the author of more than 150 journal articles and book chapters and 41 books, including Biology and Criminology; Feminist Criminology Through a Biosocial Lens; Law, Justice, and Society (with Hemmens); Correctional Assessment, Casework, and Counseling (with Stohr); The Neurobiology of Criminal Behavior: Gene-Brain-Culture Interaction (with Bolen, Ashgate); Corrections: The Essentials (with Stohr); The Science Wars: The Politics of Gender and Race; Criminological Theory: Assessing Philosophical Assumptions; Biosociology: Bridging the Biology-Sociology Divide; Criminology: The Essentials (with Jorgensen); and Answering Atheists: How Science Points to God and the Benefits of Christianity. His interests include biosocial criminology, statistics, and criminal justice assessment and counseling.