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Realism, Naturalism & Symbolism: Modes of Thought & Expression in Europe, 1848-1914 [PDF ebook] 

In November 1758 Brigadier General John Forbes”s army expelled the French army from Fort Duquesne at the forks of the Ohio River. Over seven months Forbes had co-ordinated three obstructive and comp …

The constructivist approach is the most important new school in the field of postcold war international relations. Constructivists assume that interstate and interorganizational relations are always …

Published in the year 1963, England on the Eve of the Industrial Revolution is a valuable contribution to the field of Economics. …

This collection of essays sheds light on the history of Switzerland during World War II, covering such topics as: trade; financial relations; gold; refugees; defence; and foreign relations. It also t …

First published in 1987. Readers of Victorian literature, both poetry and prose, are constantly aware of a powerful undercurrent of change – political, social, and intellectual – which determines the …

First published in 2004. When the Ottoman Empire undertook reforms to re-centralise and westernise in the first half of the 19th century, the first task was to introduce a new taxation system. Such a …

Contemporary Japan is in a state of transition, caused by the forces of globalization that are derailing its ailing economy, stalemating the political establishment and generating alternative lifesty …

Originally published in 1955, this is an illuminating study of the political thought and action of the Russian intelligentsia, in the decade up to and including the Revolution of 1905-6. It is based …

Why did the Reformation take root in some places and not others? Although many factors were involved, the varying character of penitential preaching across Europe in the decades prior to the Reformat …