Experts of fluid dynamics agree that turbulence is nonlinear and nonlocal. Because of a direct correspondence, nonlocality also implies fractionality. Fractional dynamics is the physics related to fractal (geometrical) systems and is described by fractional calculus. Up-to-present, numerous criticisms of linear and local theories of turbulence have been published. Nonlinearity has established itself quite well, but so far only a very small number of general nonlocal concepts and no concrete nonlocal turbulent flow solutions were available.
This book presents the first analytical and numerical solutions of elementary turbulent flow problems, mainly based on a nonlocal closure. Considerations involve anomalous diffusion (Lévy flights), fractal geometry (fractal-β, bi-fractal and multi-fractal model) and fractional dynamics. Examples include a new ‘law of the wall’ and a generalization of Kraichnan’s energy-enstrophy spectrum that is in harmony with non-extensive and non-equilibrium thermodynamics (Tsallis thermodynamics) and experiments. Furthermore, the presented theories of turbulence reveal critical and cooperative phenomena in analogy with phase transitions in other physical systems, e.g., binary fluids, para-ferromagnetic materials, etc.; the two phases of turbulence identifying the laminar streaks and coherent vorticity-rich structures.
This book is intended, apart from fluids specialists, for researchers in physics, as well as applied and numerical mathematics, who would like to acquire knowledge about alternative approaches involved in the analytical and numerical treatment of turbulence.
Mục lục
Introduction.- Reynolds Averaging of the Navier-Stokes Equations (RANS).- The closure problem.- Boussinesq’s ‘constitutive law’.- First turbulence models for shear flows.- Review of nonlinear and nonlocal models.- The Difference-Quotient Turbulence Model (DQTM).- Self-similar RANS.- Elementary turbulent shear flow solutions.- Thermodynamics of turbulence.- Turbulence – a cooperative phenomenon.- Conclusions and outlook.
Giới thiệu về tác giả
Peter W. Egolf made an apprenticeship as a heating designer and studied at the University of Applied Sciences of Central Switzerland heating and air conditioning. After working in an industrial R&D laboratory, he studied physics at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich). In 1984 he obtained his diploma in Dynamical Meteorology. Then he entered a R&D division at Gebrüder Sulzer AG in Winterthur, where he invented and investigated industrial air conditioning systems. At an advanced age he had the opportunity to make a Ph D in a Noble Laureate ’family’ in low-temperature physics (superfluidity). In 1989 Egolf introduced the Lagrange-Hamilton description of the free surface of quantum fluid He II. In 1990 he obtained his Ph D at ETHZ with an innovation award. In the late 1980’s he invented the Difference-Quotient Turbulence Model (DQTM). From 1990 on a ten years’ employment at the Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Testing and Research followed in the field ofenergy and buildings. In 1994 he entered the field of research on ice slurries. In 1998 Egolf created the International Working Party on Ice Slurries of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and was its first President. From 2000-2018 he was the head of the Theory and Numerics Division (SIT) of the Thermal Sciences Institute at the University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland. He initiated a second International Working Party of the IIR (on Magnetic Refrigeration), and for ten years he was serving as its President. Furthermore, he was awarded the first prices of the Swiss Technology Awards 1996 and 2006. Today, Peter W. Egolf is retired, however, he is still involved in the study of fundamental research on fractional turbulence and nonextensive thermodynamics of turbulence. He was a main organizer of eight international conferences. Egolf invented or co-invented a new melting/freezing model, an innovative storage device for ice slurries, a translucent solar thermal wall, an innovative decentralized air-conditioning system, a high-frequency magnetic refrigerator, a new hyper-thermia cancer treatment method with rotating nanowires, etc. You will find more information on his biography in numerous editions of Who’s Who in the World, Who’s Who in Science and Engineering and Who’s Who in America.
Kolumban Hutter received a diploma in civil engineering in 1964 from ETH Zurich and a M. Sc. & Ph. Degree in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics from Cornell University, Ithaca, New York in 1973. He has held the position of Professor of Mechanics at Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany from 1987-2006. Presently he is a guest scientist at the Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich and was from 2006-2009 a part time researcher at Academia Sinica, Taiwan. His research interests are in geophysical mechanics with applications in the dynamics of glaciers and ice sheets, the mechanics ofgranular materials, avalanching flows of snow, debris and mud, physical limnology and the foundations of continuum mechanics and thermodynamics. Kolumban Hutter is author and co-author of more than 400 papers (more than 300 peer reviewed) and has written or edited more than 20 books, among these are
Theoretical Glaciology,
Continuum Methods of Physical Modeling (with K. Jöhnk)
Avalanche Dynamics (with S. P. Pudasaini)
Solid–Fluid Mixtures of Frictional Materials in Geophysical and Geotechnical Context (with L. Schneider),
Physics of Lakes (with Profs Y. Wang and I.Chubarenko, 3 volumes),
Fluid & Thermodynamics (with Prof Y. Wang, 2 volumes)
all published by Springer-Verlag.
He has also served as scientific editor of the Journal of Glaciology for 14 years and was the founder and Editor-in-Chief of Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics for 17 years. He is also the Founder and (now past) Editor-in-Chief of the Series ‘Advances in Geophysical and Environmental Mechanics’ published by Springer Verlag. Kolumban Hutter was awarded the Max-Planck Prize of the Max-Planck Society and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany) in 1994, the Alexander von Humboldt Prize of the Foundation of Polish Science in 1998, and the Seligman Crystal of the International Glaciological Society in 2003. He lives retired in Zurich, Switzerland
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