Disaster Policy and Politics combines evidence-based research with mini-case studies of recent events to demonstrate the fundamental principles of emergency management and to explore the impact that disasters have had on U.S. policy. Paying special attention to the role of key actors—decision makers at the federal, state, and local levels; scientists; engineers; civil and military personnel; and first responders—author Richard Sylves explores how researchers contribute to and engage in disaster policy development and management. The highly anticipated
Third Edition explores the radical change in policy and politics after the occurrence of recent disasters such as hurricanes Irma, Maria, and Harvey; Hawaii′s false nuclear attack warning; and responses to U.S. wildfires. The book’s comprehensive ‘all-hazards’ approach introduces students to the important public policy, organizational management, and leadership issues they may need as future practitioners and leaders in the field.
Mục lục
Preface
About the Author
CHAPTER 1: Disaster Management in the United States
The Montecito Debris Flow Disaster
The Fundamentals
Emergency Management as a Profession
Disasters as a Field of Scientific Research
Presidential Disaster Declarations
Fundamental Challenges of Emergency Management
Phases of Emergency Management
Summary
Key Terms
CHAPTER 2: Theories and Approaches of Public Policy and Management Helpful in Disaster Studies
Normative Political Theories
The Role of Theory in Emergency Management
Theory in Disaster Recovery
Knowledge Codification and Knowledge Diffusion Issues
Big Data Analytics and Emergency Management
Summary
Key Terms
CHAPTER 3: A Short History of U.S. Disaster Policy
The Cold War and the Rise of Civil Defense
Nationwide Emergency Management
The Birth of the Federal Emergency Management Agency
Disaster Declaration Issues
Disaster Law, Policy, and Public Relations from Reagan to Clinton
All-Hazards Management
The 9/11 Attack Remakes U.S. Disaster Management
Summary
Key Terms
CHAPTER 4: Presidential Declarations of Major Disaster or Emergency
The U.S. Constitution and Emergency Powers of the President
The ‘Policies’ and Laws That Established Presidential Disaster Declarations
The “Process” Followed in Requesting Presidential Declarations
The President′s ‘Power’ to Decide
The Significance of Post-9/11 Changes
The ‘Politics’ of Presidential Declarations
‘Paying’ for Presidential Disaster Declarations
Summary
Key Terms
CHAPTER 5: The Role of Research, Science, and Engineering
Researching Hazards and Disasters
Disaster Researchers Compete for Government Funding
Social Sciences and Emergency Management
Science Informs the Policy and Politics of Disasters
Public Infrastructure Policy
Summary
Key Terms
CHAPTER 6: Intergovernmental Relations in Disaster Policy
Organization of the Chapter
Intergovernmental Program Management
The Frameworks and the National Incident Management System
Intergovernmental Disaster Management Challenges
Government Contractors and Disaster Management
Summary
Key Terms
CHAPTER 7: Civil-Military Relations and National Security
Civil Defense to Homeland Security
The Military′s Role in Disaster Response and Recovery Efforts
The Military, Homeland Security, and Disaster Policy
The National Guard, the U.S. Armed Forces, and Posse Comitatus
Homeland Security Supplements National Security
State Homeland Security Grants
Operation Stonegarden
Homeland Security Grants and Their Effects at the Local Level
The Emergency Management Performance Grant Program
Replacement of the USA Patriot Act of 2001
The Homeland Security Advisory System
Summary
Key Terms
CHAPTER 8: Globalization of Disasters
The U.S. Response System for Territories and Foreign States
Emergency Management in Other Nations
The United Nations and International Disaster Relief
U.S. Domestic Disaster Relief versus the U.S. International Relief System
FEMA versus OFDA
A Case Study: Borderline Disaster: U.S. and Canadian Disasters and Emergencies 1994–2013
The U.S. System of Federal Emergency Management
Canadian Government System of Federal Emergency Management
U.S. FEMA
Bilateral U.S.–Canada Emergency Management Agreements in Brief
Explaining Appendix 8-1
U.S.–Canada Case Conclusions
Summary
Key Terms
CHAPTER 9: Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria: U.S. Disaster Management Challenged
Impact and Declarations: Hurricane Harvey
Impact and Declarations: Hurricane Irma
Impact and Declarations: Hurricane Maria
Immediate and Short-Term Response
Recovery
Problems
Comparisons
Lessons Learned
Summary
Key Terms
CHAPTER 10: Conclusions and the Future
What Has Happened to Federal Emergency Management?
For-Profit Contractors, Slapp Lawsuits, Whistleblowing, and Science Integrity
The Hawaii Nuclear Attack Alert SNAFU and Its Implications
Chapter Takeaways
Key Terms
Glossary
Notes
Master Bibliography
Index
Giới thiệu về tác giả
Richard Sylves is professor of political science at the University of Delaware. He has served on a National Academy of Science, National Research Council panel, and he has done funded and unfunded research for FEMA. He served three years as an appointed member of the National Academy of Science Disaster Roundtable. His books include The Nuclear Oracles; Disaster Management in the United States and Canada: Politics, Policy, Administration, Study and Instruction of Emergency Management; Cities and Disaster: North American Studies in Emergency Management (with William Waugh); and Homeland Security and Emergency Management: A Public Budgeting Perspective.
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