Despite numerous studies, a lack of consensus still exists over many aspects of patellofemoral pain, instability, and arthritis. This book adopts an evidence-based approach to assess each of these topics in depth. The book reviews general features of clinical examination and global evaluation techniques including the use of different imaging methods, e.g. x-rays, CT, MRI, stress x-rays, and bone scan. Various conservative and surgical treatment approaches for each of the three presentations – pain, instability, and arthritis – are then explained and assessed. Postoperative management and options in the event of failed surgery are also evaluated. Throughout, careful attention is paid to the literature in an attempt to establish the level of evidence for the efficacy of each imaging and treatment method. It is hoped that this book will serve as an informative guide for the practitioner when confronted with disorders of the patellofemoral joint.
Mục lục
Pathophysiology of Anterior Knee Pain.- Pathophysiology of Lateral Patellar Dislocation.- Natural History of Patellofemoral Dislocations.- Clinical Presentation of Patellofemoral Disorders.- Clinical Examination of the Patellofemoral Patient.- Standard X-Ray Examination: Patellofemoral Disorders.- Patellar Height: Which Index?.- Stress Radiographs in the Diagnosis of Patellofemoral Instability.- Computed Tomography and Arthro-CT Scan in Patellofemoral Disorders.- MRI Analysis of Patellla Instability Factors.- MRI of the Patellofemoral Articular Cartilage.- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: The Value of Pinhole and SPECT Scintigraphic Imaging and Quantitative Measurements of Bone Mineral Equivalent Density with Quantitative Computed Tomography.- Gait Analysis in Patients with Patellofemoral Disorders.- Iatrogenic Anterior Knee Pain with Special Emphasis on the Clinical, Radiographical, Histological, Ultrastructural and Biochemical Aspects After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Ipsilateral Autografts.- Non-operative Treatment of Patellofemoral Pain: Role of Physical Therapy.- Lateral Release of the Lateral Patellar Retinaculum: Literature Review for Select Patellofemoral Disorders.- Medial Side Patellofemoral Anatomy: Surgical Implications in Patellofemoral Instability.- Arthroscopic Medial Reefing in Acute Patellar Dislocation.- Medial Reefing in Chronic Potential Patellar Instability.- Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Indications and Surgical Technique.- MPFL Reconstruction: The Adductor Sling Approach.- Importance and Radiographic Identification of the Femoral Insertion in Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction.- MPTL (Medial Patellotibial Ligament) Reconstruction.- Distal Realignment: Medialization of Tibial Tuberosity: The Elmslie-Trillat Technique.- Bony Surgery Distal Realignment Surgery for Episodic Patellar Dislocations.- Trochlear Lengthening Osteotomy with or Without Elevation of the Lateral Trochlear Facet.- Proximal Open Trochleoplasty (Grooveplasty).- Deepening Trochleoplasty for Patellar Instability.- Arthroscopic Deepening Trochleoplasty for Patella Instability.- The Role of Limb Rotational Osteotomy in the Treatment of Patellofemoral Dysfunction.- Long-Term Results After Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation in Cartilage Lesions of the Patellofemoral Joint.- Novel Nano-composite Multilayered Biomaterial for the Treatment of Patellofemoral Cartilage Lesions.- Isolated Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis: Natural History and Clinical Presentation.- The Nonoperative Treatment of Patellofemoral Arthritis.- Current Concepts Regarding Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy.- Isolated Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis: Prosthetic Indications.- Post-operative Management of Surgeries Aimed at Correcting Patellofemoral Instability: Results of an International Surgeon Survey.- Errors and Complications in Patellofemoral Surgery.- Trochleoplasty for Symptomatic Trochlear Dysplasia in the Skeletally Immature Patient with Review of Fetal Anatomy.- Patellofemoral Disorders in the Skeletally Immature Patients.
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